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Shabbat, 27 Adar I, 5787 · 6 March, 2027
1Moses called the whole community of the children of Israel to assemble, and he said to them: "These are the things that the Lord commanded to make.
אוַיַּקְהֵ֣ל משֶׁ֗ה אֶת־כָּל־עֲדַ֛ת בְּנֵ֥י יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל וַיֹּ֣אמֶר אֲלֵהֶ֑ם אֵ֚לֶּה הַדְּבָרִ֔ים אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת אֹתָֽם:
Moses called… to assemble.
Heb. וַיַּקְהֵל. [He assembled them] on the day after Yom Kippur, when he came down from the mountain. This [word] is a hiph’il [causative] expression [i.e., causing someone to do something], because one does not assemble people with [one’s] hands [i.e., directly], but they are assembled through one’s speech. Its Aramaic translation is וְאַכְנֵשׁ.
וַיַּקְהֵל משֶׁה.
לְמָחֳרַת יוֹם הַכִּפּוּרִים כְּשֶׁיָּרַד מִן הָהָר, וְהוּא לְשׁוֹן הִפְעִיל, שֶׁאֵינוֹ אוֹסֵף אֲנָשִׁים בְּיָּדַיִם, אֶלָּא הֵן נֶאֱסָפִין עַל פִּי דִּבּוּרוֹ, וְתַרְגּוּמוֹ וְאַכְנֵישׁ:
2Six days work may be done, but on the seventh day you shall have sanctity, a day of complete rest to the Lord; whoever performs work thereon [on this day] shall be put to death.
בשֵׁ֣שֶׁת יָמִים֘ תֵּֽעָשֶׂ֣ה מְלָאכָה֒ וּבַיּ֣וֹם הַשְּׁבִיעִ֗י יִֽהְיֶ֨ה לָכֶ֥ם קֹ֛דֶשׁ שַׁבַּ֥ת שַׁבָּת֖וֹן לַֽיהֹוָ֑ה כָּל־הָֽעֹשֶׂ֥ה ב֛וֹ מְלָאכָ֖ה יוּמָֽת:
Six days.
He [Moses] prefaced [the discussion of the details of] the work of the Mishkan with the warning to keep the Sabbath, denoting that it [i.e., the work of the Mishkan] does not supersede the Sabbath. -[from Mechilta]
שֵׁשֶׁת יָמִים.
הִקְדִּים לָהֶם אַזְהָרַת שַׁבָּת לְצִוּוּי מְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לוֹמַר שֶׁאֵינוֹ דוֹחֶה אֶת הַשַּׁבָּת (מכילתא):
3You shall not kindle fire in any of your dwelling places on the Sabbath day."
גלֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲר֣וּ אֵ֔שׁ בְּכֹ֖ל מֽשְׁבֹֽתֵיכֶ֑ם בְּי֖וֹם הַשַּׁבָּֽת:
You shall not kindle fire.
Some of our Rabbis say that [the prohibition of] kindling was singled out for a [mere] negative commandment, while others say that it was singled out to separate [all types of labor]. -[from Shab. 70a]
לֹֽא־תְבַֽעֲרוּ אֵשׁ.
יֵשׁ מֵרַבּוֹתֵינוּ אוֹמְרִים הַבְעָרָה לְלָאו יָצָאת, וְיֵשׁ אוֹמְרִים לְחַלֵּק יָצָאת (שבת ע'):
4And Moses spoke to the entire community of the children of Israel, saying: "This is the word that the Lord has commanded to say:
דוַיֹּ֣אמֶר משֶׁ֔ה אֶל־כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לֵאמֹ֑ר זֶ֣ה הַדָּבָ֔ר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לֵאמֹֽר:
This is the word that the Lord has commanded.
me to say to you.
זֶה הַדָּבָר אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּה ה'.
לִי לאמר לָכֶם:
5'Take from yourselves an offering for the Lord; every generous hearted person shall bring it, [namely] the Lord's offering: gold, silver, and copper;
הקְח֨וּ מֵֽאִתְּכֶ֤ם תְּרוּמָה֙ לַֽיהֹוָ֔ה כֹּ֚ל נְדִ֣יב לִבּ֔וֹ יְבִיאֶ֕הָ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה זָהָ֥ב וָכֶ֖סֶף וּנְחֽשֶׁת:
generous-hearted person.
Heb. נְדִיב לִבּוֹ. Since his heart moved him to generosity, he is called “generous-hearted” (נְדִיב לֵב). I already explained the offering for the Mishkan and its work in the place of their command [Exod. 25 through 34].
נְדִיב לִבּוֹ.
עַל שֵׁם שֶׁלִּבּוֹ נוֹדְבוֹ, קָרוּי נְדִיב לֵב. כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי נִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וּמְלַאכְתּוֹ בִּמְקוֹם צַוָּאתָן:
6and blue, purple, and crimson wool; and linen and goat hair;
ווּתְכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֥שׁ וְעִזִּֽים:
7and ram skins dyed red, tachash skins, and acacia wood;
זוְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים וַֽעֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּֽים:
8and oil for lighting, and spices for the anointing oil and for the incense;
חוְשֶׁ֖מֶן לַמָּא֑וֹר וּבְשָׂמִים֙ לְשֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים:
9and shoham stones and filling stones for the ephod and for the choshen.
טוְאַ֨בְנֵי־שֹׁ֔הַם וְאַבְנֵ֖י מִלֻּאִ֑ים לָֽאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֽשֶׁן:
10And every wise hearted person among you shall come and make everything that the Lord has commanded:
יוְכָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֖ב בָּכֶ֑ם יָבֹ֣אוּ וְיַֽעֲשׂ֔וּ אֵ֛ת כָּל־אֲשֶׁ֥ר צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה:
11The Mishkan, its tent and its cover, its clasps and its planks, its bars, its pillars, and its sockets;
יאאֶ֨ת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן אֶת־אָֽהֳל֖וֹ וְאֶת־מִכְסֵ֑הוּ אֶת־קְרָסָיו֙ וְאֶת־קְרָשָׁ֔יו אֶת־בְּרִיחָ֕ו אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנָֽיו:
The Mishkan.
The bottom curtains, which appear inside it [the Mishkan], are called Mishkan.
אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּן.
יְרִיעוֹת הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת הַנִּרְאוֹת בְּתוֹכוֹ קְרוּיִים מִשְׁכָּן:
its tent.
That is the tent [made] of the curtains of goat hair, made for a roof.
אֶת־אָֽהֳלוֹ.
הִיא אֹהֶל יְרִיעוֹת עִזִּים, הֶעָשׂוּי לְגַג:
and its cover.
The cover of ram skins and tachash skins.
וְאֶת־מִכְסֵהוּ.
מִכְסֵה עוֹרוֹת אֵילִים וְהַתְּחָשִׁים:
12the ark and its poles, the ark cover and the screening dividing curtain;
יבאֶת־הָֽאָרֹ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו אֶת־הַכַּפֹּ֑רֶת וְאֵ֖ת פָּרֹ֥כֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ:
and the screening dividing curtain.
Heb. פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָךְ. The dividing curtain, [which serves as a] screen. Anything that protects, whether from above or from the front, is called a screen (מָסָךְ) or a cover (סְכָךְ). Similarly, “You made a hedge (שַׂכְתָּ) about him” (Job 1:10); “behold I will close off (שָׂךְ) your way” (Hos. 2:8).
וְאֵת פָּרֹכֶת הַמָּסָֽךְ.
פָּרֹכֶת הַמְּחִיצָה; כָּל דָּבָר הַמֵּגֵן, בֵּין מִלְמַעְלָה בֵּין מִכְּנֶגֶד, קָרוּי מָסָךְ וּסְכָךְ, וְכֵן סַכְתָּ בַעֲדוֹ (איוב א'), הִנְנִי סָךְ אֶת דַּרְכֵּךְ (הושע ב'):
13the table and its poles and all its implements, and the showbread;
יגאֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֥ן וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו וְאֵ֖ת לֶ֥חֶם הַפָּנִֽים:
the showbread.
I already explained (Exod. 25:29) that it was called לֶחֶם הַפָּנִים because it had faces [i.e., surfaces] looking in both directions, for it was made like a type of box, without a cover.
לֶחֶם הַפָּנִֽים.
כְּבָר פֵּרַשְׁתִּי, עַל שֵׁם שֶׁהָיוּ לוֹ פָּנִים לְכָאן וּלְכָאן, שֶׁהוּא עָשׂוּי כְּמִין תֵּבָה פְרוּצָה:
14and the menorah for lighting and its implements and its lamps, and the oil for lighting;
ידוְאֶת־מְנֹרַ֧ת הַמָּא֛וֹר וְאֶת־כֵּלֶ֖יהָ וְאֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֖ת שֶׁ֥מֶן הַמָּאֽוֹר:
and its implements.
Its tongs and its scoops.
וְאֶת־כֵּלֶיהָ.
מֶלְקָחַיִם וּמַחְתּוֹת:
its lamps.
Ses luzes, lozes in Old French, spoons in which the oil and the wicks are placed.
נֵֽרֹתֶיהָ.
לוצי"יש בְּלַעַז, בָּזִיכִים שֶׁהַשֶּׁמֶן וְהַפְּתִילוֹת נְתוּנִין בָּהֶן:
and the oil for lighting.
That too required wise-hearted [people] because it was different from other oils, as is explained in Menachoth (86a): he picks it [the olives] at the top of the olive tree, and it is crushed and pure.
וְאֵת שֶׁמֶן הַמָּאוֹר.
אַף הוּא צָרִיךְ חַכְמֵי לֵב, שֶׁהוּא מְשֻׁנֶּה מִשְּׁאָר שְׁמָנִים, כְּמוֹ שֶׁמְּפֹרָשׁ בִּמְנָחוֹת (דף פ"ו), מְגַרְגְּרוֹ בְרֹאשׁ הַזַּיִת, וְהוּא כָּתִית וְזַךְ:
15and the altar for incense and its poles, and the anointing oil and the incense and the screen of the entrance for the entrance of the Mishkan;
טווְאֶת־מִזְבַּ֤ח הַקְּטֹ֨רֶת֙ וְאֶת־בַּדָּ֔יו וְאֵת֙ שֶׁ֣מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְאֵ֖ת קְטֹ֣רֶת הַסַּמִּ֑ים וְאֶת־מָסַ֥ךְ הַפֶּ֖תַח לְפֶ֥תַח הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
and the screen of the entrance.
The screen in front of the eastern side, for there were no planks or curtains there.
מָסַךְ הַפֶּתַח.
וִילוֹן שֶׁלִּפְנֵי הַמִּזְרָח, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ שָׁם קְרָשִׁים וְלֹא יְרִיעוֹת:
16the altar for the burnt offering, its copper grating, its poles and all its implements, the washstand and its base;
טזאֵ֣ת | מִזְבַּ֣ח הָֽעֹלָ֗ה וְאֶת־מִכְבַּ֤ר הַנְּח֨שֶׁת֙ אֲשֶׁר־ל֔וֹ אֶת־בַּדָּ֖יו וְאֶת־כָּל־כֵּלָ֑יו אֶת־הַכִּיֹּ֖ר וְאֶת־כַּנּֽוֹ:
17the hangings of the courtyard, its pillars, and its sockets, and the screen of the gate of the courtyard;
יזאֵ֚ת קַלְעֵ֣י הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר אֶת־עַמֻּדָ֖יו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶ֑יהָ וְאֵ֕ת מָסַ֖ךְ שַׁ֥עַר הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
its pillars, and its sockets.
Heb. אֶת-עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת-אִדָנֶיהָ. Thus “courtyard” (חָצֵר) is referred to here both as masculine and feminine [since עַמֻּדָיו is a masculine possessive and אִדָנֶיהָ is a feminine possessive], and so are many [other] nouns.
אֵת עַמֻּדָיו וְאֶת־אֲדָנֶיהָ.
הֲרֵי חָצֵר קָרוּי כָּאן לְשׁוֹן זָכָר וּלְשׁוֹן נְקֵבָה, וְכֵן דְּבָרִים הַרְבֵּה:
and the screen of the gate of the courtyard.
The screen spread out on the eastern side, [covering] the middle twenty cubits of the width of the courtyard, for it [the courtyard] was fifty cubits wide, and fifteen cubits of it toward the northern side were closed off, and similarly toward the south. As it is said: “The hangings on the shoulder [shall be] fifteen cubits” (Exod. 27:14).
וְאֶת־מָסַךְ שַׁעַר הֶֽחָצֵר.
וִילוֹן פָּרוּשׂ לְצַד הַמִּזְרָח עֶשְׂרִים אַמָּה אֶמְצָעִיּוֹת שֶׁל רֹחַב הֶחָצֵר – שֶׁהָיָה חֲמִשִּׁים רֹחַב – וּסְתוּמִין הֵימֶנּוּ לְצַד צָפוֹן ט"ו אַמָּה, וְכֵן לַדָּרוֹם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר, וַחֲמֵשׁ עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קְלָעִים לַכָּתֵף:
18the pegs of the Mishkan and the pegs of the courtyard, and their ropes;
יחאֶת־יִתְדֹ֧ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן וְאֶת־יִתְדֹ֥ת הֶֽחָצֵ֖ר וְאֶת־מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם:
the pegs.
[used] to drive [into the ground] and to tie the ends of the curtains with them into the ground, so that they [the curtains] would not move with the wind.
יִתְדֹת.
לִתְקֹעַ וְלִקְשׁוֹר בָּהֶם סוֹפֵי הַיְרִיעוֹת בָּאָרֶץ, שֶׁלֹּא יָנוּעוּ בָּרוּחַ:
and their ropes.
Heb. מֵיתְרֵיהֶם, ropes [used] to tie [the curtains].
מֵֽיתְרֵיהֶֽם.
חֲבָלִים לִקְשֹׁר:
19the meshwork garments to serve in the Holy, the holy garments for Aaron the Kohen [Gadol], and the garments of his sons [in which] to serve [as kohanim].' "
יטאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י הַשְּׂרָ֖ד לְשָׁרֵ֣ת בַּקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אֶת־בִּגְדֵ֤י הַקֹּ֨דֶשׁ֙ לְאַֽהֲרֹ֣ן הַכֹּהֵ֔ן וְאֶת־בִּגְדֵ֥י בָנָ֖יו לְכַהֵֽן:
the meshwork garments.
to cover the ark, the table, the menorah, and the altars when they [the Israelites] would leave for their travels.
בִּגְדֵי הַשְּׂרָד.
לְכַסּוֹת הָאָרוֹן וְהַשֻּׁלְחָן, הַמְּנוֹרָה וְהַמִּזְבְּחוֹת בִּשְׁעַת סִלּוּק מַסָּעוֹת:
20The entire community departed from before Moses.
כוַיֵּֽצְא֛וּ כָּל־עֲדַ֥ת בְּנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל מִלִּפְנֵ֥י משֶֽׁה:
21Every man whose heart uplifted him came, and everyone whose spirit inspired him to generosity brought the offering of the Lord for the work of the Tent of Meeting, for all its service, and for the holy garments.
כאוַיָּבֹ֕אוּ כָּל־אִ֖ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֑וֹ וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נָֽדְבָ֨ה רוּח֜וֹ אֹת֗וֹ הֵ֠בִ֠יאוּ אֶת־תְּרוּמַ֨ת יְהֹוָ֜ה לִמְלֶ֨אכֶת אֹ֤הֶל מוֹעֵד֙ וּלְכָל־עֲבֹ֣דָת֔וֹ וּלְבִגְדֵ֖י הַקֹּֽדֶשׁ:
22The men came with the women; every generous hearted person brought bracelets and earrings and rings and buckles, all kinds of golden objects, and every man who waved a waving of gold to the Lord.
כבוַיָּבֹ֥אוּ הָֽאֲנָשִׁ֖ים עַל־הַנָּשִׁ֑ים כֹּ֣ל | נְדִ֣יב לֵ֗ב הֵ֠בִ֠יאוּ חָ֣ח וָנֶ֜זֶם וְטַבַּ֤עַת וְכוּמָז֙ כָּל־כְּלִ֣י זָהָ֔ב וְכָל־אִ֕ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֥ר הֵנִ֛יף תְּנוּפַ֥ת זָהָ֖ב לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
with the women.
Heb. עַל הַנָּשִׁים, lit., [the jewelry was still] on the women. The men came with the women and [stood] near them. (The reason the Targum [Onkelos] left the passage in its simple sense is that he does not render וַיָּבֹאוּ הָאִנָשִׁים as וַאִתוֹ גַבְרַיָא, and the men came, but he renders: וּמַיְתַן, [and the men] brought, meaning that they brought bracelets and earrings while they were still on [i.e., being worn by] the women, as Rashi writes on “spun the goat hair” (verse 26), [which signifies that the women spun the hair while it was still on the goats].)
עַל־הַנָּשִׁים.
עִם הַנָּשִׁים וּסְמוּכִין אֲלֵיהֶן:
bracelets.
Heb. חָח. This is a round golden ornament placed on the arm, and it is the צָמִיד.
חָח.
הוּא תַּכְשִׁיט שֶׁל זָהָב עָגֹל, נָתוּן עַל הַזְּרוֹעַ, וְהוּא הַצָּמִיד:
and buckles.
Heb. וְכוּמָז. This is a golden ornament placed over a woman’s private parts. Our Rabbis explain the name כּוּמָז as [an acrostic]: כַּאן מְקוֹם זִמָּה, [meaning] here is the place of lewdness. -[from Shab. 64a]
וְכוּמָז.
30Moses said to the children of Israel: "See, the Lord has called by name Bezalel, the son of Uri, the son of Hur, of the tribe of Judah.
לוַיֹּ֤אמֶר משֶׁה֙ אֶל־בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֔ל רְא֛וּ קָרָ֥א יְהֹוָ֖ה בְּשֵׁ֑ם בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל בֶּן־אוּרִ֥י בֶן־ח֖וּר לְמַטֵּ֥ה יְהוּדָֽה:
Hur.
He was Miriam’s son. -[from Sotah 11b]
חוּר.
בְּנָהּ שֶׁל מִרְיָם הָיָה:
31He has imbued him with the spirit of God, with wisdom, with insight, and with knowledge, and with [talent for] all manner of craftsmanship
לאוַיְמַלֵּ֥א אֹת֖וֹ ר֣וּחַ אֱלֹהִ֑ים בְּחָכְמָ֛ה בִּתְבוּנָ֥ה וּבְדַ֖עַת וּבְכָל־מְלָאכָֽה:
32to do master weaving, to work with gold, silver, and copper,
לבוְלַחְשֹׁ֖ב מַֽחֲשָׁבֹ֑ת לַֽעֲשׂ֛ת בַּזָּהָ֥ב וּבַכֶּ֖סֶף וּבַנְּחֽשֶׁת:
33with the craft of stones for setting and with the craft of wood, to work with every [manner of] thoughtful work.
לגוּבַֽחֲר֥שֶׁת אֶ֛בֶן לְמַלֹּ֖את וּבַֽחֲר֣שֶׁת עֵ֑ץ לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּכָל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת מַֽחֲשָֽׁבֶת:
34And He put into his heart [the ability] to teach, both him and Oholiab, the son of Ahisamach, of the tribe of Dan.
לדוּלְהוֹרֹ֖ת נָתַ֣ן בְּלִבּ֑וֹ ה֕וּא וְאָֽהֳלִיאָ֥ב בֶּן־אֲחִֽיסָמָ֖ךְ לְמַטֵּה־דָֽן:
and Oholiab.
of the tribe of Dan, of the lowest of the tribes, of the sons of the handmaidens [Bilhah and Zilpah. Dan was Bilhah’s son]. Yet the Omnipresent compared him [Oholiab] to Bezalel for the work of the Mishkan, and he [Bezalel] was of the greatest of the tribes [Judah], to fulfill what is said: “and a prince was not recognized before a poor man” (Job 34:19). -[from Tanchuma 13]
8Then all the wise hearted people of the performers of the work made the Mishkan out of ten curtains [consisting] of twisted fine linen, and blue, purple, and crimson wool. A cherubim design, the work of a master weaver he made them.
חוַיַּֽעֲשׂ֨וּ כָל־חֲכַם־לֵ֜ב בְּעֹשֵׂ֧י הַמְּלָאכָ֛ה אֶת־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן עֶ֣שֶׂר יְרִיעֹ֑ת שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֗ר וּתְכֵ֤לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָן֙ וְתוֹלַ֣עַת שָׁנִ֔י כְּרֻבִ֛ים מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה חשֵׁ֖ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם:
9The length of one curtain [was] twenty eight cubits, and the width of one curtain [was] four cubits the same measure for all the curtains.
טאֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁמֹנֶ֤ה וְעֶשְׂרִים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְרֹ֨חַב֙ אַרְבַּ֣ע בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה הַיְרִיעָ֖ה הָֽאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֥ה אַחַ֖ת לְכָל־הַיְרִיעֹֽת:
10And he joined five of these curtains to one another, and [the other] five curtains he [also] joined to one another.
יוַיְחַבֵּר֙ אֶת־חֲמֵ֣שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת וְחָמֵ֤שׁ יְרִיעֹת֙ חִבַּ֔ר אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת:
11And he made loops of blue wool on the edge of one curtain [that is] at the edge of the [first] set, and he did the same on the edge of the outermost curtain of the second set.
יאוַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלְאֹ֣ת תְּכֵ֗לֶת עַ֣ל שְׂפַ֤ת הַיְרִיעָה֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת מִקָּצָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת כֵּ֤ן עָשָׂה֙ בִּשְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּ֣יצוֹנָ֔ה בַּמַּחְבֶּ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
12He made fifty loops on [the edge of] one curtain, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the curtain in the second set; the loops corresponded to one another.
יבחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֘ בַּיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאֶחָת֒ וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ בִּקְצֵ֣ה הַיְרִיעָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֖ר בַּמַּחְבֶּ֣רֶת הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית מַקְבִּילֹת֙ הַלֻּ֣לָאֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָֽת:
20And he made the planks for the Mishkan of acacia wood, upright.
כוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֖ים עֹֽמְדִֽים:
21Ten cubits [was] the length of each plank, and a cubit and a half [was] the width of each plank.
כאעֶ֥שֶׂר אַמֹּ֖ת אֹ֣רֶךְ הַקָּ֑רֶשׁ וְאַמָּה֙ וַֽחֲצִ֣י הָֽאַמָּ֔ה רֹ֖חַב הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד:
22Each plank had two square pegs, rung like, one even with the other; so did he make for all the planks of the Mishkan.
כבשְׁתֵּ֣י יָדֹ֗ת לַקֶּ֨רֶשׁ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד מְשֻׁ֨לָּבֹ֔ת אַחַ֖ת אֶל־אֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֣ן עָשָׂ֔ה לְכֹ֖ל קַרְשֵׁ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּֽן:
23And he made the planks for the Mishkan, twenty planks for the southern side.
כגוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֖ים לַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עֶשְׂרִ֣ים קְרָשִׁ֔ים לִפְאַ֖ת נֶ֥גֶב תֵּימָֽנָה:
24And he made forty silver sockets under the twenty planks; two sockets under one plank for its two square pegs, and two sockets under one plank for its two square pegs.
כדוְאַרְבָּעִים֙ אַדְנֵי־כֶ֔סֶף עָשָׂ֕ה תַּ֖חַת עֶשְׂרִ֣ים הַקְּרָשִׁ֑ים שְׁנֵ֨י אֲדָנִ֜ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֤רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָד֙ לִשְׁתֵּ֣י יְדֹתָ֔יו וּשְׁנֵ֧י אֲדָנִ֛ים תַּֽחַת־הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֖ד לִשְׁתֵּ֥י יְדֹתָֽיו:
25And for the second side of the Mishkan on the northern side he made twenty planks.
כהוּלְצֶ֧לַע הַמִּשְׁכָּ֛ן הַשֵּׁנִ֖ית לִפְאַ֣ת צָפ֑וֹן עָשָׂ֖ה עֶשְׂרִ֥ים קְרָשִֽׁים:
26
17And he made the menorah of pure gold; of hammered work he made the menorah, its base and its stem, its goblets, its knobs, and its flowers were [all one piece] with it.
יזוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָ֖ה זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר מִקְשָׁ֞ה עָשָׂ֤ה אֶת־הַמְּנֹרָה֙ יְרֵכָ֣הּ וְקָנָ֔הּ גְּבִיעֶ֛יהָ כַּפְתֹּרֶ֥יהָ וּפְרָחֶ֖יהָ מִמֶּ֥נָּה הָיֽוּ:
18And six branches coming out of its sides: three menorah branches from its one side and three menorah branches from its second side.
יחוְשִׁשָּׁ֣ה קָנִ֔ים יֹצְאִ֖ים מִצִּדֶּ֑יהָ שְׁלשָׁ֣ה | קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֗ה מִצִּדָּהּ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁלשָׁה֙ קְנֵ֣י מְנֹרָ֔ה מִצִּדָּ֖הּ הַשֵּׁנִֽי:
19Three decorated goblets on one branch, a knob and a flower, and three decorated goblets on one branch, a knob and a flower; so for the six branches that come out of the menorah.
יטשְׁלשָׁ֣ה גְ֠בִעִ֠ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֞ים בַּקָּנֶ֣ה הָֽאֶחָד֘ כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפֶ֒רַח֒ וּשְׁלשָׁ֣ה גְבִעִ֗ים מְשֻׁקָּדִ֛ים בְּקָנֶ֥ה אֶחָ֖ד כַּפְתֹּ֣ר וָפָ֑רַח כֵּ֚ן לְשֵׁ֣שֶׁת הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּֽצְאִ֖ים מִן־הַמְּנֹרָֽה:
20And on [the stem of] the menorah [were] four decorated goblets, its knobs and its flowers.
כוּבַמְּנֹרָ֖ה אַרְבָּעָ֣ה גְבִעִ֑ים מְשֻׁ֨קָּדִ֔ים כַּפְתֹּרֶ֖יהָ וּפְרָחֶֽיהָ:
21And a knob under the two branches from it, and a knob under the two branches from it, and a knob under the two branches from it; [so] for the six branches that come out of it.
כאוְכַפְתֹּ֡ר תַּ֩חַת֩ שְׁנֵ֨י הַקָּנִ֜ים מִמֶּ֗נָּה וְכַפְתֹּר֙ תַּ֣חַת שְׁנֵ֤י הַקָּנִים֙ מִמֶּ֔נָּה וְכַפְתֹּ֕ר תַּֽחַת־שְׁנֵ֥י הַקָּנִ֖ים מִמֶּ֑נָּה לְשֵׁ֨שֶׁת֙ הַקָּנִ֔ים הַיֹּֽצְאִ֖ים מִמֶּֽנָּה:
22
1And he made the altar for the burnt offerings of acacia wood, five cubits long and five cubits wide; [the altar was] square, and it [was] three cubits high.
אוַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הָֽעֹלָ֖ה עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חָמֵשׁ֩ אַמּ֨וֹת אָרְכּ֜וֹ וְחָמֵֽשׁ־אַמּ֤וֹת רָחְבּוֹ֙ רָב֔וּעַ וְשָׁל֥שׁ אַמּ֖וֹת קֹֽמָתֽוֹ:
2And he made its horns on its four corners; its horns were [all one piece] from it, and he overlaid it with copper.
בוַיַּ֣עַשׂ קַרְנֹתָ֗יו עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פִּנֹּתָ֔יו מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הָי֣וּ קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וַיְצַ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ נְחֽשֶׁת:
3And he made all the implements of the altar, the pots, and the shovels and the sprinkling basins and the flesh hooks and the [fire] pans; he made all its implements of copper.
גוַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶת־כָּל־כְּלֵ֣י הַמִּזְבֵּ֗חַ אֶת־הַסִּירֹ֤ת וְאֶת־הַיָּעִים֙ וְאֶת־הַמִּזְרָקֹ֔ת אֶת־הַמִּזְלָגֹ֖ת וְאֶת־הַמַּחְתֹּ֑ת כָּל־כֵּלָ֖יו עָשָׂ֥ה נְחֽשֶׁת:
4And he made for the altar a copper grating of netting work, beneath its ledge from below, until its middle.
דוַיַּ֤עַשׂ לַמִּזְבֵּ֨חַ֙ מִכְבָּ֔ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֶ֣שֶׁת נְח֑שֶׁת תַּ֧חַת כַּרְכֻּבּ֛וֹ מִלְּמַ֖טָּה עַד־חֶצְיֽוֹ:
5And he cast four rings on the four ends of the copper grating, holders for the poles.
הוַיִּצֹ֞ק אַרְבַּ֧ע טַבָּעֹ֛ת בְּאַרְבַּ֥ע הַקְּצָוֹ֖ת לְמִכְבַּ֣ר הַנְּח֑שֶׁת בָּתִּ֖ים לַבַּדִּֽים:
6And he made the poles of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with copper.
ווַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם נְחֽשֶׁת:
18And the screen of the gate of the courtyard was the work of an embroiderer, [made] of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen, twenty cubits long, and its height in the width was five cubits, corresponding to the hangings of the courtyard.
יחוּמָסַ֞ךְ שַׁ֤עַר הֶֽחָצֵר֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֔ם תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְקוֹמָ֤ה בְרֹ֨חַב֙ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת לְעֻמַּ֖ת קַלְעֵ֥י הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
corresponding to the hangings of the courtyard.
[I.e.,] like the dimensions of the hangings of the courtyard.
לְעֻמַּת קַלְעֵי הֶֽחָצֵר.
כְּמִדַּת קַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר:
19And their pillars [were] four and their sockets four, of copper, their hooks silver, and the overlay of their tops and their bands were silver.
יטוְעַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה נְח֑שֶׁת וָֽוֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֧וּי רָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַֽחֲשֻֽׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף:
20And all the pegs of the Mishkan and of the courtyard all around [were] copper.
כוְכָל־הַיְתֵדֹ֞ת לַמִּשְׁכָּ֧ן וְלֶֽחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב נְחֽשֶׁת:
Haftarah: (I Kings 7:13 - 26)
Please note: These Haftarah texts follow Chabad custom. Other communities could possibly read more, less, or a different section of the Prophets altogether. Please consult with your rabbi.
13And king Solomon sent and fetched Hiram out of Tyre.
יגוַיִּשְׁלַח֙ הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיִּקַּ֥ח אֶת־חִירָ֖ם מִצֹּֽר:
14He (was) a widow's son, of the tribe of Naphtali, and his father was a man of Tyre, a coppersmith; and he was filled with the wisdom and understanding and skill, to work all works in copper; and he came to king Solomon and wrought all his work.
ידבֶּן־אִשָּׁה֩ אַלְמָנָ֨ה ה֜וּא מִמַּטֵּ֣ה נַפְתָּלִ֗י וְאָבִ֣יו אִישׁ־צֹרִי֘ חֹרֵ֣שׁ נְחשֶׁת֒ וַ֠יִּמָּלֵא אֶת־הַחָכְמָ֚ה וְאֶת־הַתְּבוּנָה֙ וְאֶת־הַדַּ֔עַת לַעֲשֹ֥וֹת כָּל־מְלָאכָ֖ה בַּנְּח֑שֶׁת וַיָּבוֹא֙ אֶל־הַמֶּ֣לֶךְ שְׁלֹמֹ֔ה וַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־כָּל־מְלַאכְתּֽוֹ:
A coppersmith.
Heb. חרש, [the common word for which is] אוּמָן.
חֹרֵשׁ.
אָמָּן.
And he was filled with the wisdom and understanding and skill.
[These are] the three tools with which the universe was created, as it is stated, “[The Lord] by wisdom founded the earth, by understanding He established the heavens, by His knowledge the depths were broken up” (Proverbs 3:19). With these same three the Temple was built.
וַיִּמָּלֵא אֶת הַחָכְמָה וְאֶת הַתְּבוּנָה וְאֶת הַדַּעַת.
שְׁלשָׁה כְּלֵי אָמָּנוּת שֶׁהָעוֹלָם נִבְרָא בָּהֶן, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: בְּחָכְמָה יָסַד אָרֶץ, כּוֹנֵן שָׁמַיִם בִּתְבוּנָה, בְּדַעְתּוֹ תְּהוֹמוֹת נִבְקָעוּ, בִּשְׁלָשְׁתָּן נִבְנָה הַבַּיִת.
15And he cast the two pillars of copper, eighteen cubits (was) the height of each pillar, and a line of twelve cubits did encompass it about, and so the other pillar.
Text, translation and commentary: Chabad.org. English translation: Judaica Press.
כְּלִי זָהָב הוּא נָתוּן כְּנֶגֶד אוֹתוֹ מָקוֹם לָאִשָּׁה, וְרַבּוֹתֵינוּ פֵּרְשׁוּ שֵׁם כּוּמָז, כָּאן מְקוֹם זִמָּה (שבת ס"ד):
23And every man with whom was found blue, purple, or crimson wool, linen, goat hair, ram skins dyed red or tachash skins, brought them.
כגוְכָל־אִ֞ישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָ֣א אִתּ֗וֹ תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ וְעִזִּ֑ים וְעֹרֹ֨ת אֵילִ֧ם מְאָדָּמִ֛ים וְעֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים הֵבִֽיאוּ:
And every man with whom was found.
Blue wool or purple wool or crimson wool or ram skins or tachash skins, all brought [them].
וְכָל־אִישׁ אֲשֶׁר־נִמְצָא אִתּוֹ.
תְּכֵלֶת אוֹ אַרְגָּמָן אוֹ תוֹלַעַת שָׁנִי אוֹ עוֹרוֹת אֵילִים אוֹ תְּחָשִׁים כֻּלָּם הֵבִיאוּ:
24Everyone who set aside an offering of silver or copper brought the offering for the Lord, and everyone with whom acacia wood was found for any work of the service, brought it.
כדכָּל־מֵרִ֗ים תְּר֤וּמַת כֶּ֨סֶף֙ וּנְח֔שֶׁת הֵבִ֕יאוּ אֵ֖ת תְּרוּמַ֣ת יְהֹוָ֑ה וְכֹ֡ל אֲשֶׁר֩ נִמְצָ֨א אִתּ֜וֹ עֲצֵ֥י שִׁטִּ֛ים לְכָל־מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָֽעֲבֹדָ֖ה הֵבִֽיאוּ:
25And every wise hearted woman spun with her hands, and they brought spun material: blue, purple, and crimson wool, and linen.
כהוְכָל־אִשָּׁ֥ה חַכְמַת־לֵ֖ב בְּיָדֶ֣יהָ טָו֑וּ וַיָּבִ֣יאוּ מַטְוֶ֗ה אֶֽת־הַתְּכֵ֨לֶת֙ וְאֶת־הָ֣אַרְגָּמָ֔ן אֶת־תּוֹלַ֥עַת הַשָּׁנִ֖י וְאֶת־הַשֵּֽׁשׁ:
26And all the women whose hearts uplifted them with wisdom, spun the goat hair.
כווְכָ֨ל־הַנָּשִׁ֔ים אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָשָׂ֥א לִבָּ֛ן אֹתָ֖נָה בְּחָכְמָ֑ה טָו֖וּ אֶת־הָֽעִזִּֽים:
spun the goat hair.
This constituted a superior skill, for they [the women] spun it on the backs of the goats. -[from Shab. 74b]
טָווּ אֶת־הָֽעִזִּֽים.
הִיא הָיְתָה אָמָּנוּת יְתֵרָה, שֶׁמֵּעַל גַּבֵּי הָעִזִּים טוֹוִין אוֹתָם (שבת ע"ד):
27And the princes brought the shoham stones and filling stones for the ephod and for the choshen;
כזוְהַנְּשִׂאִ֣ם הֵבִ֔יאוּ אֵ֚ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַשֹּׁ֔הַם וְאֵ֖ת אַבְנֵ֣י הַמִּלֻּאִ֑ים לָֽאֵפ֖וֹד וְלַחֽשֶׁן:
And the princes brought.
Heb. וְהַנְשִׂיאִם. Rabbi Nathan said: What prompted the princes [lit., what did the princes see] to donate for the dedication of the altar first [before the rest of the Israelites] while [in contrast] they did not donate first for the work of the Mishkan? This is what the princes said, “Let the community donate what they will donate, and what[ever] they are missing [i.e., whatever is left to be donated] we will complete.” Since the community completed everything, as it is said: “And the work was sufficient” (Exod. 36:7), the princes said, “What are we to do?” So they brought the shoham stones, etc. Therefore, they brought [donations] first for the dedication of the altar. Since at first they were lazy [i.e., they did not immediately donate], a letter is missing from their name, and וְהַנְשִׂיאִם is written [instead of וְהַנְשִׂיאִים, with additional “yud” s]. [from Num. Rabbah 12:16, Sifrei Num. 7:2, Midrash Chaseroth V’Yetheroth p. 268, Midrash Tanchuma Pekudei 11]
וְהַנְּשִׂאִם הֵבִיאוּ.
אָמַר רַ' נָתָן: מָה רָאוּ נְשִׂיאִים לְהִתְנַדֵּב בַּחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ בַּתְּחִלָּה וּבִמְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן לֹא הִתְנַדְּבוּ בַּתְּחִלָּה? אֶלָּא כָּךְ אָמְרוּ נְשִׂיאִים, יִתְנַדְּבוּ צִבּוּר מַה שֶּׁמִּתְנַדְּבִין, וּמַה שֶּׁמְּחַסְּרִים, אָנוּ מַשְׁלִימִין אוֹתוֹ, כֵּיוָן שֶׁהִשְׁלִימוּ צִבּוּר אֶת הַכֹּל – שֶׁנֶּ' וְהַמְּלָאכָה הָיְתָה דַיָּם – אָמְרוּ נְשִׂיאִים מֶה עָלֵינוּ לַעֲשׂוֹת? הביאו את אבני השהם וְגוֹ', לְכָךְ הִתְנַדְּבוּ בַּחֲנֻכַּת הַמִּזְבֵּחַ תְּחִלָּה, וּלְפִי שֶׁנִּתְעַצְּלוּ מִתְּחִלָּה נֶחְסְרָה אוֹת מִשְּׁמָם, וְהַנְּשִׂאִם כְּתִיב (ספרי במדבר מ"ה):
28and the spice and the oil for lighting and for the anointing oil, and for the incense.
כחוְאֶת־הַבֹּ֖שֶׂם וְאֶת־הַשָּׁ֑מֶן לְמָא֕וֹר וּלְשֶׁ֨מֶן֙ הַמִּשְׁחָ֔ה וְלִקְטֹ֖רֶת הַסַּמִּֽים:
29Every man and woman whose heart inspired them to generosity to bring for all the work that the Lord had commanded to make, through Moses, the children of Israel brought a gift for the Lord
כטכָּל־אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָדַ֣ב לִבָּם֘ אֹתָם֒ לְהָבִיא֙ לְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁ֨ר צִוָּ֧ה יְהֹוָ֛ה לַֽעֲשׂ֖וֹת בְּיַד־משֶׁ֑ה הֵבִ֧יאוּ בְנֵֽי־יִשְׂרָאֵ֛ל נְדָבָ֖ה לַֽיהֹוָֽה:
וְאָֽהֳלִיאָב.
מִשֵּׁבֶט דָּן מִן הַיְרוּדִין שֶׁבַּשְּׁבָטִים – מִבְּנֵי הַשְּׁפָחוֹת – וְהִשְׁוָהוּ הַמָּקוֹם לִבְצַלְאֵל לִמְלֶאכֶת הַמִּשְׁכָּן וְהוּא מִגְּדוֹלֵי הַשְּׁבָטִים, לְקַיֵּם מַה שֶּׁנֶּ' וְלֹא נִכַּר שׁוֹעַ לִפְנֵי דָל (איוב ל"ד):
35He imbued them with wisdom of the heart, to do all sorts of work of a craftsman and a master worker and an embroiderer with blue, purple, and crimson wool, and linen and [of] weavers, those who do every [manner of] work, and master weavers.
להמִלֵּ֨א אֹתָ֜ם חָכְמַת־לֵ֗ב לַֽעֲשׂוֹת֘ כָּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת חָרָ֣שׁ | וְחשֵׁב֒ וְרֹקֵ֞ם בַּתְּכֵ֣לֶת וּבָֽאַרְגָּמָ֗ן בְּתוֹלַ֧עַת הַשָּׁנִ֛י וּבַשֵּׁ֖שׁ וְאֹרֵ֑ג עֹשֵׂי֙ כָּל־מְלָאכָ֔ה וְחֽשְׁבֵ֖י מַֽחֲשָׁבֹֽת:
1Bezalel and Oholiab and every wise hearted man into whom God had imbued wisdom and insight to know how to do, shall do all the work of the service of the Holy, according to all that the Lord has commanded."
אוְעָשָׂה֩ בְצַלְאֵ֨ל וְאָֽהֳלִיאָ֜ב וְכֹ֣ל | אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֗ב אֲשֶׁר֩ נָתַ֨ן יְהֹוָ֜ה חָכְמָ֤ה וּתְבוּנָה֙ בָּהֵ֔מָּה לָדַ֣עַת לַֽעֲשׂ֔ת אֶת־כָּל־מְלֶ֖אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ לְכֹ֥ל אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֖ה יְהֹוָֽה:
2And Moses called Bezalel and Oholiab and every wise hearted man into whose heart the Lord had given wisdom, everyone whose heart lifted him up to approach the work to do it.
בוַיִּקְרָ֣א משֶׁ֗ה אֶל־בְּצַלְאֵל֘ וְאֶל־אָֽהֳלִיאָב֒ וְאֶל֙ כָּל־אִ֣ישׁ חֲכַם־לֵ֔ב אֲשֶׁ֨ר נָתַ֧ן יְהֹוָ֛ה חָכְמָ֖ה בְּלִבּ֑וֹ כֹּ֚ל אֲשֶׁ֣ר נְשָׂא֣וֹ לִבּ֔וֹ לְקָרְבָ֥ה אֶל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ:
3So they took from before Moses all the offering[s] that the children of Israel had brought for the work of the service of the Holy, and they brought him more gifts every morning.
גוַיִּקְח֞וּ מִלִּפְנֵ֣י משֶׁ֗ה אֵ֤ת כָּל־הַתְּרוּמָה֙ אֲשֶׁ֨ר הֵבִ֜יאוּ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל לִמְלֶ֛אכֶת עֲבֹדַ֥ת הַקֹּ֖דֶשׁ לַֽעֲשׂ֣ת אֹתָ֑הּ וְ֠הֵ֠ם הֵבִ֨יאוּ אֵלָ֥יו ע֛וֹד נְדָבָ֖ה בַּבֹּ֥קֶר בַּבֹּֽקֶר:
4Then all the wise men who were doing the work of the Holy came, each one from his work, which they had been doing.
דוַיָּבֹ֨אוּ֙ כָּל־הַ֣חֲכָמִ֔ים הָֽעֹשִׂ֕ים אֵ֖ת כָּל־מְלֶ֣אכֶת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ אִֽישׁ־אִ֥ישׁ מִמְּלַאכְתּ֖וֹ אֲשֶׁר־הֵ֥מָּה עֹשִֽׂים:
5And they spoke to Moses, saying: "The people are bringing very much, more than is enough for the labor of the articles which the Lord had commanded to do."
הוַיֹּֽאמְרוּ֙ אֶל־משֶׁ֣ה לֵּאמֹ֔ר מַרְבִּ֥ים הָעָ֖ם לְהָבִ֑יא מִדֵּ֤י הָֽעֲבֹדָה֙ לַמְּלָאכָ֔ה אֲשֶׁר־צִוָּ֥ה יְהֹוָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֥ת אֹתָֽהּ:
more than is enough for the labor.
More than is needed for the labor.
מִדֵּי הָֽעֲבֹדָה.
יוֹתֵר מִכְּדֵי צֹרֶךְ הָעֲבוֹדָה:
6So Moses commanded, and they announced in the camp, saying: "Let no man or woman do any more work for the offering for the Holy." So the people stopped bringing.
ווַיְצַ֣ו משֶׁ֗ה וַיַּֽעֲבִ֨ירוּ ק֥וֹל בַּמַּֽחֲנֶה֘ לֵאמֹר֒ אִ֣ישׁ וְאִשָּׁ֗ה אַל־יַֽעֲשׂוּ־ע֛וֹד מְלָאכָ֖ה לִתְרוּמַ֣ת הַקֹּ֑דֶשׁ וַיִּכָּלֵ֥א הָעָ֖ם מֵֽהָבִֽיא:
So the people stopped bringing.
Heb. וַיִּכָּלֵא, an expression denoting holding back.
וַיִּכָּלֵא.
לְשׁוֹן מְנִיעָה:
7And the work was sufficient for them for all the work, to do it and to leave over.
זוְהַמְּלָאכָ֗ה הָֽיְתָ֥ה דַיָּ֛ם לְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָ֖ה לַֽעֲשׂ֣וֹת אֹתָ֑הּ וְהוֹתֵֽר:
And the work was sufficient for them for all the work.
And the work of bringing was sufficient for all the makers of the Mishkan, for all the work of the Mishkan -[i.e.,] to make it and to leave over.
וְהַמְּלָאכָה הָֽיְתָה דַיָּם לְכָל־הַמְּלָאכָה.
וּמְלֶאכֶת הַהֲבָאָה הָיְתָה דַיָּם שֶׁל עוֹשֵׂי הַמִּשְׁכָּן, לְכָל הַמְּלָאכָה שֶׁל מִשְׁכָּן, לַעֲשׂוֹת אוֹתָהּ וּלְהוֹתֵר:
and to leave over.
Heb. וְהוֹתֵר, like “and he hardened (וְהַכְבֵּד) his heart” (Exod. 8:11) [lit., “and hardening his heart”]; “and slew (וְהַכּוֹת) the Moabites” (II Kings 3:24) [lit., “and slaying the Moabites”].
וְהוֹתֵֽר.
כְּמוֹ וְהַכְבֵּד אֶת לִבּוֹ (שמות ח'), וְהַכּוֹת אֶת מוֹאָב (מלכים ב ג'):
13And he made fifty golden clasps, and he fastened the curtains to one another with the clasps; so the Mishkan became one.
יגוַיַּ֕עַשׂ חֲמִשִּׁ֖ים קַרְסֵ֣י זָהָ֑ב וַיְחַבֵּ֨ר אֶת־הַיְרִיעֹ֜ת אַחַ֤ת אֶל־אַחַת֙ בַּקְּרָסִ֔ים וַיְהִ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן אֶחָֽד:
14And [then] he made curtains of goat hair for a tent over the Mishkan; he made them eleven curtains.
ידוַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙ יְרִיעֹ֣ת עִזִּ֔ים לְאֹ֖הֶל עַל־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן עַשְׁתֵּֽי־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה יְרִיעֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָֽם:
15The length of one curtain [was] thirty cubits, and the width of one curtain was four cubits; the same measure for the eleven curtains.
טואֹ֜רֶךְ הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאַחַ֗ת שְׁלשִׁים֙ בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה וְאַרְבַּ֣ע אַמּ֔וֹת רֹ֖חַב הַיְרִיעָ֣ה הָֽאֶחָ֑ת מִדָּ֣ה אַחַ֔ת לְעַשְׁתֵּ֥י עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה יְרִיעֹֽת:
16And he joined the five curtains by themselves, and the [other] six curtains by themselves.
טזוַיְחַבֵּ֛ר אֶת־חֲמֵ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָ֑ד וְאֶת־שֵׁ֥שׁ הַיְרִיעֹ֖ת לְבָֽד:
17And he made fifty loops on the edge of the outermost curtain of the [first] set, and he made fifty loops on the edge of the [outermost] curtain of the second set.
יזוַיַּ֜עַשׂ לֻֽלָאֹ֣ת חֲמִשִּׁ֗ים עַ֚ל שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַקִּֽיצֹנָ֖ה בַּמַּחְבָּ֑רֶת וַֽחֲמִשִּׁ֣ים לֻֽלָאֹ֗ת עָשָׂה֙ עַל־שְׂפַ֣ת הַיְרִיעָ֔ה הַֽחֹבֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
18And he made fifty copper clasps to fasten the tent together so that it became one.
יחוַיַּ֛עַשׂ קַרְסֵ֥י נְח֖שֶׁת חֲמִשִּׁ֑ים לְחַבֵּ֥ר אֶת־הָאֹ֖הֶל לִֽהְיֹ֥ת אֶחָֽד:
19And he made a covering for the tent, of ram skins dyed red and a covering of tachash skins above.
יטוַיַּ֤עַשׂ מִכְסֶה֙ לָאֹ֔הֶל עֹרֹ֥ת אֵילִ֖ם מְאָדָּמִ֑ים וּמִכְסֵ֛ה עֹרֹ֥ת תְּחָשִׁ֖ים מִלְמָֽעְלָה:
כווְאַרְבָּעִ֥ים אַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֗ים תַּ֚חַת הַקֶּ֣רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָ֔ד וּשְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד:
27And for the western end of the Mishkan he made six planks.
כזוּלְיַרְכְּתֵ֥י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן יָ֑מָּה עָשָׂ֖ה שִׁשָּׁ֥ה קְרָשִֽׁים:
28And he made two planks at the corners of the Mishkan at the end.
כחוּשְׁנֵ֤י קְרָשִׁים֙ עָשָׂ֔ה לִמְקֻצְעֹ֖ת הַמִּשְׁכָּ֑ן בַּיַּרְכָתָֽיִם:
29And they were matched evenly from below, and together they matched at its top, [to be put] into the one ring; so did he make for both of them; for the two corners.
כטוְהָי֣וּ תֽוֹאֲמִם֘ מִלְּמַ֒טָּה֒ וְיַחְדָּ֗ו יִֽהְי֤וּ תַמִּים֙ אֶל־רֹאשׁ֔וֹ אֶל־הַטַּבַּ֖עַת הָֽאֶחָ֑ת כֵּ֚ן עָשָׂ֣ה לִשְׁנֵיהֶ֔ם לִשְׁנֵ֖י הַמִּקְצֹעֹֽת:
30And there were eight planks and their silver sockets, sixteen sockets two sockets [under one plank and] two sockets under one plank.
לוְהָיוּ֙ שְׁמֹנָ֣ה קְרָשִׁ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף שִׁשָּׁ֥ה עָשָׂ֖ר אֲדָנִ֑ים שְׁנֵ֤י אֲדָנִים֙ שְׁנֵ֣י אֲדָנִ֔ים תַּ֖חַת הַקֶּ֥רֶשׁ הָֽאֶחָֽד:
31And he made bars of acacia wood, five for the planks of one side of the Mishkan,
לאוַיַּ֥עַשׂ בְּרִיחֵ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים חֲמִשָּׁ֕ה לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הָֽאֶחָֽת:
32and five bars for the planks of the second side of the Mishkan, and five bars for the planks of the [rear] side of the Mishkan, on the westward end.
לבוַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֣ה בְרִיחִ֔ם לְקַרְשֵׁ֥י צֶֽלַע־הַמִּשְׁכָּ֖ן הַשֵּׁנִ֑ית וַֽחֲמִשָּׁ֤ה בְרִיחִם֙ לְקַרְשֵׁ֣י הַמִּשְׁכָּ֔ן לַיַּרְכָתַ֖יִם יָֽמָּה:
33And he made the middle bar to penetrate in the midst of the planks from one end to the other end.
לגוַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הַבְּרִ֣יחַ הַתִּיכֹ֑ן לִבְרֹ֨חַ֙ בְּת֣וֹךְ הַקְּרָשִׁ֔ים מִן־הַקָּצֶ֖ה אֶל־הַקָּצֶֽה:
34And he overlaid the planks with gold, and their rings he made of gold as holders for the bars, and he overlaid the bars with gold.
לדוְאֶת־הַקְּרָשִׁ֞ים צִפָּ֣ה זָהָ֗ב וְאֶת־טַבְּעֹתָם֙ עָשָׂ֣ה זָהָ֔ב בָּתִּ֖ים לַבְּרִיחִ֑ם וַיְצַ֥ף אֶת־הַבְּרִיחִ֖ם זָהָֽב:
35And he made the dividing curtain of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen; the work of a master weaver he made it, in a [woven] cherubim design.
להוַיַּ֨עַשׂ֙ אֶת־הַפָּרֹ֔כֶת תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֥ה חשֵׁ֛ב עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתָ֖הּ כְּרֻבִֽים:
36And he made for it four pillars of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with gold, their hooks [were] gold, and he cast for them four silver sockets.
לווַיַּ֣עַשׂ לָ֗הּ אַרְבָּעָה֙ עַמּוּדֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַפֵּ֣ם זָהָ֔ב וָֽוֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וַיִּצֹ֣ק לָהֶ֔ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה אַדְנֵי־כָֽסֶף:
37And he made a screen for the entrance of the tent, of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen the work of an embroiderer,
לזוַיַּ֤עַשׂ מָסָךְ֙ לְפֶ֣תַח הָאֹ֔הֶל תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽם:
38and its five pillars and their hooks, and he overlaid their tops and their bands with gold, and their five sockets were copper.
לחוְאֶת־עַמּוּדָ֤יו חֲמִשָּׁה֙ וְאֶת־וָ֣וֵיהֶ֔ם וְצִפָּ֧ה רָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַֽחֲשֻֽׁקֵיהֶ֖ם זָהָ֑ב וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם חֲמִשָּׁ֖ה נְחֽשֶׁת:
1Bezalel made the ark of acacia wood, two and a half cubits long, a cubit and a half wide, and a cubit and a half high.
אוַיַּ֧עַשׂ בְּצַלְאֵ֛ל אֶת־הָֽאָרֹ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֨יִם וָחֵ֜צִי אָרְכּ֗וֹ וְאַמָּ֤ה וָחֵ֨צִי֙ רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹֽמָתֽוֹ:
Bezalel made.
Since he devoted himself to the work more than the other wise men, it was called by his name [i. e., the work is attributed to him alone]. -[from Midrash Tanchuma 10]
וַיַּעַשׂ בְּצַלְאֵל.
לְפִי שֶׁנָּתַן נַפְשׁוֹ עַל הַמְּלָאכָה יוֹתֵר מִשְּׁאָר חֲכָמִים, נִקְרֵאת עַל שְׁמוֹ (שמות רבה):
2And he overlaid it with pure gold from inside and from outside, and he made for it a golden crown all around.
בוַיְצַפֵּ֛הוּ זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר מִבַּ֣יִת וּמִח֑וּץ וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב:
3And he cast four golden rings for it upon its four corners, two rings on its one side and two rings on its other side.
גוַיִּצֹ֣ק ל֗וֹ אַרְבַּע֙ טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֔ב עַ֖ל אַרְבַּ֣ע פַּֽעֲמֹתָ֑יו וּשְׁתֵּ֣י טַבָּעֹ֗ת עַל־צַלְעוֹ֙ הָֽאֶחָ֔ת וּשְׁתֵּי֙ טַבָּעֹ֔ת עַל־צַלְע֖וֹ הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
4And he made poles of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.
דוַיַּ֥עַשׂ בַּדֵּ֖י עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב:
5And he inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the ark, to carry the ark.
הוַיָּבֵ֤א אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ בַּטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֖ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הָֽאָרֹ֑ן לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הָֽאָרֹֽן:
6And he made an ark cover of pure gold, two and a half cubits long and a cubit and a half wide.
ווַיַּ֥עַשׂ כַּפֹּ֖רֶת זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר אַמָּתַ֤יִם וָחֵ֨צִי֙ אָרְכָּ֔הּ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי רָחְבָּֽהּ:
7And he made two golden cherubim he made them of hammered work, from the two ends of the ark cover,
זוַיַּ֛עַשׂ שְׁנֵ֥י כְרֻבִ֖ים זָהָ֑ב מִקְשָׁה֙ עָשָׂ֣ה אֹתָ֔ם מִשְּׁנֵ֖י קְצ֥וֹת הַכַּפֹּֽרֶת:
8one cherub from the one end and the other cherub from the other end; from the ark cover he made the cherubim from its two ends.
חכְּר֨וּב אֶחָ֤ד מִקָּצָה֙ מִזֶּ֔ה וּכְרֽוּב־אֶחָ֥ד מִקָּצָ֖ה מִזֶּ֑ה מִן־הַכַּפֹּ֛רֶת עָשָׂ֥ה אֶת־הַכְּרֻבִ֖ים מִשְּׁנֵ֥י קְצוֹתָֽיו (כתיב קצוותו) :
9The cherubim had their wings spread upwards, shielding the ark cover with their wings, with their faces toward one another; [turned] toward the ark cover were the faces of the cherubim.
טוַיִּֽהְי֣וּ הַכְּרֻבִים֩ פֹּֽרְשֵׂ֨י כְנָפַ֜יִם לְמַ֗עְלָה סֹֽכְכִ֤ים בְּכַנְפֵיהֶם֙ עַל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת וּפְנֵיהֶ֖ם אִ֣ישׁ אֶל־אָחִ֑יו אֶ֨ל־הַכַּפֹּ֔רֶת הָי֖וּ פְּנֵ֥י הַכְּרֻבִֽים:
10And he made a table of acacia wood two cubits long, one cubit wide, and a cubit and a half high.
יוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֖ן עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּתַ֤יִם אָרְכּוֹ֙ וְאַמָּ֣ה רָחְבּ֔וֹ וְאַמָּ֥ה וָחֵ֖צִי קֹֽמָתֽוֹ:
11He overlaid it with pure gold, and he made for it a golden crown all around.
יאוַיְצַ֥ף אֹת֖וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֑וֹר וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב:
12And he made for it a frame a handbreadth [wide] all around, and he made a golden crown for its frame all around.
יבוַיַּ֨עַשׂ ל֥וֹ מִסְגֶּ֛רֶת טֹ֖פַח סָבִ֑יב וַיַּ֧עַשׂ זֵֽר־זָהָ֛ב לְמִסְגַּרְתּ֖וֹ סָבִֽיב:
13And he cast for it four golden rings, and he placed the rings on the four corners that are on its four legs.
יגוַיִּצֹ֣ק ל֔וֹ אַרְבַּ֖ע טַבְּעֹ֣ת זָהָ֑ב וַיִּתֵּן֙ אֶת־הַטַּבָּעֹ֔ת עַ֚ל אַרְבַּ֣ע הַפֵּאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְאַרְבַּ֥ע רַגְלָֽיו:
14The rings were opposite the frame [as] holders for the poles [with which] to carry the table.
ידלְעֻמַּת֙ הַמִּסְגֶּ֔רֶת הָי֖וּ הַטַּבָּעֹ֑ת בָּֽתִּים֙ לַבַּדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן:
15And he made the poles of acacia wood, and he overlaid them with gold, to carry the table.
טווַיַּ֤עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּים֙ עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֔ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָ֑ב לָשֵׂ֖את אֶת־הַשֻּׁלְחָֽן:
16And he made the implements that are on the table: its forms, its spoons, its half pipes, and its supports with which it will be covered of pure gold.
טזוַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶת־הַכֵּלִ֣ים | אֲשֶׁ֣ר עַל־הַשֻּׁלְחָ֗ן אֶת־קְעָֽרֹתָ֤יו וְאֶת־כַּפֹּתָיו֙ וְאֵת֙ מְנַקִּיֹּתָ֔יו וְאֶ֨ת־הַקְּשָׂוֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יֻסַּ֖ךְ בָּהֵ֑ן זָהָ֖ב טָהֽוֹר:
כבכַּפְתֹּֽרֵיהֶ֥ם וּקְנֹתָ֖ם מִמֶּ֣נָּה הָי֑וּ כֻּלָּ֛הּ מִקְשָׁ֥ה אַחַ֖ת זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר:
23And he made its lamps seven, and its tongs and its scoops of pure gold.
כגוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־נֵֽרֹתֶ֖יהָ שִׁבְעָ֑ה וּמַלְקָחֶ֥יהָ וּמַחְתֹּתֶ֖יהָ זָהָ֥ב טָהֽוֹר:
24He made it of a talent of pure gold, and all its implements.
כדכִּכָּ֛ר זָהָ֥ב טָה֖וֹר עָשָׂ֣ה אֹתָ֑הּ וְאֵ֖ת כָּל־כֵּלֶֽיהָ:
25And he made the incense altar out of acacia wood, one cubit long and one cubit wide, square, and two cubits high; its horns were [one piece] with it.
כהוַיַּ֛עַשׂ אֶת־מִזְבַּ֥ח הַקְּטֹ֖רֶת עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים אַמָּ֣ה אָרְכּוֹ֩ וְאַמָּ֨ה רָחְבּ֜וֹ רָב֗וּעַ וְאַמָּתַ֨יִם֙ קֹֽמָת֔וֹ מִמֶּ֖נּוּ הָי֥וּ קַרְנֹתָֽיו:
26And he overlaid it with pure gold, [on] its top, its walls all around, and its horns; and he made for it a golden crown all around.
כווַיְצַ֨ף אֹת֜וֹ זָהָ֣ב טָה֗וֹר אֶת־גַּגּ֧וֹ וְאֶת־קִֽירֹתָ֛יו סָבִ֖יב וְאֶת־קַרְנֹתָ֑יו וַיַּ֥עַשׂ ל֛וֹ זֵ֥ר זָהָ֖ב סָבִֽיב:
27And he made two golden rings for it underneath its crown on its two corners, on its two sides, as holders for poles with which to carry it.
כזוּשְׁתֵּי֩ טַבְּעֹ֨ת זָהָ֜ב עָֽשָׂה־ל֣וֹ | מִתַּ֣חַת לְזֵר֗וֹ עַ֚ל שְׁתֵּ֣י צַלְעֹתָ֔יו עַ֖ל שְׁנֵ֣י צִדָּ֑יו לְבָתִּ֣ים לְבַדִּ֔ים לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶֽם:
28He made the poles out of acacia wood and overlaid them with gold.
כחוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֖ים עֲצֵ֣י שִׁטִּ֑ים וַיְצַ֥ף אֹתָ֖ם זָהָֽב:
29And he made the holy anointing oil and the pure incense after the art of a perfumer.
כטוַיַּ֜עַשׂ אֶת־שֶׁ֤מֶן הַמִּשְׁחָה֙ קֹ֔דֶשׁ וְאֶת־קְטֹ֥רֶת הַסַּמִּ֖ים טָה֑וֹר מַֽעֲשֵׂ֖ה רֹקֵֽחַ:
7And he inserted the poles into the rings on the sides of the altar with which to carry it; he made it hollow, out of boards.
זוַיָּבֵ֨א אֶת־הַבַּדִּ֜ים בַּטַּבָּעֹ֗ת עַ֚ל צַלְעֹ֣ת הַמִּזְבֵּ֔חַ לָשֵׂ֥את אֹת֖וֹ בָּהֶ֑ם נְב֥וּב לֻחֹ֖ת עָשָׂ֥ה אֹתֽוֹ:
hollow, out of boards.
Heb. נְבוּב. נְבוּב means hollow, and similarly [we find in the verse]: “and its thickness was four fingers, hollow (נָבוּב) ” (Jer. 52:21).
נְבוּב לֻחֹת.
נָבוּב הוּא חָלוּל, וְכֵן וְעָבְיוֹ אַרְבַּע אֶצְבָּעוֹת נָבוּב (ירמיהו נ"ב):
hollow, out of boards.
The boards of acacia wood were [placed] on all sides, and the hollow [part] was in the middle.
נְבוּב לֻחֹת.
הַלּוּחוֹת שֶׁל עֲצֵי שִׁטִּים לְכָל רוּחַ, וְהֶחָלָל בָּאֶמְצַע:
8And he made the washstand of copper and its base of copper from the mirrors of the women who had set up the legions, who congregated at the entrance of the tent of meeting.
חוַיַּ֗עַשׂ אֵ֚ת הַכִּיּ֣וֹר נְח֔שֶׁת וְאֵ֖ת כַּנּ֣וֹ נְח֑שֶׁת בְּמַרְאֹת֙ הַצֹּ֣בְאֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֣ר צָֽבְא֔וּ פֶּ֖תַח אֹ֥הֶל מוֹעֵֽד:
from the mirrors of the women who had set up the legions.
Heb. בְּמַרְאֹת הַצֹבְאֹת Israelite women owned mirrors, which they would look into when they adorned themselves. Even these [mirrors] they did not hold back from bringing as a contribution toward the Mishkan, but Moses rejected them because they were made for temptation [i.e., to inspire lustful thoughts]. The Holy One, blessed is He, said to him, “Accept [them], for these are more precious to Me than anything because through them the women set up many legions [i.e., through the children they gave birth to] in Egypt.” When their husbands were weary from back-breaking labor, they [the women] would go and bring them food and drink and give them to eat. Then they [the women] would take the mirrors and each one would see herself with her husband in the mirror, and she would seduce him with words, saying, “I am more beautiful than you.” And in this way they aroused their husbands' desire and would copulate with them, conceiving and giving birth there, as it is said: “Under the apple tree I aroused you” (Song 8:5). This is [the meaning of] what is בְּמַרְאֹת הַצֹבְאֹת [lit., the mirrors of those who set up legions]. From these [the mirrors], the washstand was made, because its purpose was to make peace between a man and his wife. [How so?] By giving a drink from the water that was in it [the washstand] to [a woman] whose husband had warned her [not to stay in private with a certain man] and she secluded herself [with him anyway. The water would test her and either destroy her or prove her innocence. See Num. 5:11-31]. You should know that they were actually mirrors, because it is said: “The copper of the waving was seventy talents… From that he made…” (Exod. 38:29, 30), but the washstand and its base were not mentioned there [among the things produced from the seventy talents. Thus,] you have learned that the copper of the washstand was not of the copper of the waving. So did Rabbi Tanchuma expound [on the matter] (Midrash Tanchuma, Pekudei 9; Num. Rabbah 9:14). And so did Onkelos render: בְּמֶחְזְיַת נְשַׁיָא [“the mirrors of the women”], which is the Aramaic translation of מַרְאוֹת, mirrors in French. So we find in Isaiah (3:23) וְהַגִּלְיֹנִים (sic), which we render: וּמַחְזְיָתָא, and the mirrors.
בְּמַרְאֹת הַצֹּבְאֹת.
בְּנוֹת יִשְׂרָאֵל הָיוּ בְיָדָן מַרְאוֹת שֶׁרוֹאוֹת בָּהֶן כְּשֶׁהֵן מִתְקַשְּׁטוֹת, וְאַף אוֹתָן לֹא עִכְּבוּ מִלְּהָבִיא לְנִדְבַת הַמִּשְׁכָּן, וְהָיָה מוֹאֵס מֹשֶׁה בָּהֶן מִפְּנֵי שֶׁעֲשׂוּיִם לְיֵצֶר הָרָע, אָמַר לוֹ הַקָּדוֹשׁ בָּרוּךְ הוּא קַבֵּל, כִּי אֵלּוּ חֲבִיבִין עָלַי מִן הַכֹּל, שֶׁעַל יְדֵיהֶם הֶעֱמִידוּ הַנָּשִׁים צְבָאוֹת רַבּוֹת בְּמִצְרַיִם; כְּשֶׁהָיוּ בַעְלֵיהֶם יְגֵעִים בַּעֲבוֹדַת פֶּרֶךְ, הָיוּ הוֹלְכוֹת וּמוֹלִיכוֹת לָהֶם מַאֲכָל וּמִשְׁתֶּה, וּמַאֲכִילוֹת אוֹתָם וְנוֹטְלוֹת הַמַּרְאוֹת, וְכָל אַחַת רוֹאָה עַצְמָהּ עִם בַּעְלָהּ בַּמַּרְאָה, וּמְשַׁדַּלְתּוֹ בִדְבָרִים, לוֹמַר אֲנִי נָאָה מִמְּךָ, וּמִתּוֹךְ כָּךְ מְבִיאוֹת לְבַעְלֵיהֶן לִידֵי תַאֲוָה וְנִזְקָקוֹת לָהֶם וּמִתְעַבְּרוֹת וְיוֹלְדוֹת שָׁם, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר תַּחַת הַתַּפּוּחַ עוֹרַרְתִּיךָ (שיר השירים ח'), וְזֶה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּמַרְאֹת הַצּוֹבְאוֹת. וְנַעֲשָׂה הַכִּיּוֹר מֵהֶם, שֶׁהוּא לָשׂוּם שָׁלוֹם בֵּין אִישׁ לְאִשְׁתּוֹ – לְהַשְׁקוֹת מִמַּיִם שֶׁבְּתוֹכוֹ לְמִי שֶׁקִּנֵּא לָהּ בַּעְלָהּ וְנִסְתְּרָה; וְתֵדַע לְךָ שֶׁהֵן מַרְאוֹת מַמָּשׁ, שֶׁהֲרֵי נֶאֱמַר וּנְחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה שִׁבְעִים כִּכָּר וְגוֹ', וַיַּעַשׂ בָּהּ וְגוֹמֵר, וְכִיּוֹר וְכַנּוֹ לֹא הֻזְכְּרוּ שָׁם, לָמַדְתָּ שֶׁלֹּא הָיָה נְחֹשֶׁת שֶׁל כִּיּוֹר מִנְּחֹשֶׁת הַתְּנוּפָה, כָּךְ דָּרַשׁ רַבִּי תַּנְחוּמָא, וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם אֻנְקְלוֹס בְּמֶחְזְיָת נְשַׁיָא וְהוּא תַרְגּוּם שֶׁל מַרְאוֹת, מירוריי"ש בְּלַעַז. וְכֵן מָצִינוּ וְהַגִּלְיוֹנִים (ישעיה ג') – מְתַרְגְּמִינָן מֶחְזְיָתָא:
who congregated.
to bring their donation.
אֲשֶׁר צָֽבְאוּ.
לְהָבִיא נִדְבָתָן:
9And he made the courtyard on the southern side [there were] hangings for the courtyard of twisted fine linen, one hundred cubits.
טוַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הֶֽחָצֵ֑ר לִפְאַ֣ת | נֶ֣גֶב תֵּימָ֗נָה קַלְעֵ֤י הֶֽחָצֵר֙ שֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֔ר מֵאָ֖ה בָּֽאַמָּֽה:
10And their pillars [were] twenty and their sockets twenty of copper; the hooks of the pillars and their bands of silver.
יעַמּֽוּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְח֑שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֛ים וַֽחֲשֻֽׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף:
11And for the northern end one hundred cubits, their pillars twenty, and their sockets twenty of copper; the hooks of the pillars and their bands of silver.
יאוְלִפְאַ֤ת צָפוֹן֙ מֵאָ֣ה בָֽאַמָּ֔ה עַמּֽוּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֶשְׂרִ֔ים וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם עֶשְׂרִ֖ים נְח֑שֶׁת וָוֵ֧י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֛ים וַֽחֲשֻֽׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף:
12And for the western side, hangings fifty cubits, their pillars ten and their sockets ten; the hooks of the pillars and their bands of silver.
יבוְלִפְאַת־יָ֗ם קְלָעִים֙ חֲמִשִּׁ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה עַמּֽוּדֵיהֶ֣ם עֲשָׂרָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם עֲשָׂרָ֑ה וָוֵ֧י הָֽעַמֻּדִ֛ים וַֽחֲשֽׁוּקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף:
13And for the eastern end, fifty cubits.
יגוְלִפְאַ֛ת קֵ֥דְמָה מִזְרָ֖חָה חֲמִשִּׁ֥ים אַמָּֽה:
14The hangings on the shoulder [were] fifteen cubits, their pillars three and their sockets three.
ידקְלָעִ֛ים חֲמֵֽשׁ־עֶשְׂרֵ֥ה אַמָּ֖ה אֶל־הַכָּתֵ֑ף עַמּֽוּדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלשָֽׁה:
15And on the second shoulder on either side of the gate of the courtyard, [there were] hangings of fifteen cubits, their pillars three and their sockets three.
טווְלַכָּתֵ֣ף הַשֵּׁנִ֗ית מִזֶּ֤ה וּמִזֶּה֙ לְשַׁ֣עַר הֶֽחָצֵ֔ר קְלָעִ֕ים חֲמֵ֥שׁ עֶשְׂרֵ֖ה אַמָּ֑ה עַמֻּֽדֵיהֶ֣ם שְׁלשָׁ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֖ם שְׁלשָֽׁה:
16All the hangings of the courtyard all around were of twisted fine linen.
טזכָּל־קַלְעֵ֧י הֶֽחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב שֵׁ֥שׁ מָשְׁזָֽר:
17And the sockets for the pillars were copper; the hooks of the pillars and their bands were silver, and the overlay of their tops was silver, and they were banded with silver, all the pillars of the courtyard.
יזוְהָֽאֲדָנִ֣ים לָֽעַמֻּדִים֘ נְח֒שֶׁת֒ וָוֵ֨י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֜ים וַֽחֲשֽׁוּקֵיהֶם֙ כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֥וּי רָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֖ם כָּ֑סֶף וְהֵם֙ מְחֻשָּׁקִ֣ים כֶּ֔סֶף כֹּ֖ל עַמֻּדֵ֥י הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
18And the screen of the gate of the courtyard was the work of an embroiderer, [made] of blue, purple, and crimson wool, and twisted fine linen, twenty cubits long, and its height in the width was five cubits, corresponding to the hangings of the courtyard.
יחוּמָסַ֞ךְ שַׁ֤עַר הֶֽחָצֵר֙ מַֽעֲשֵׂ֣ה רֹקֵ֔ם תְּכֵ֧לֶת וְאַרְגָּמָ֛ן וְתוֹלַ֥עַת שָׁנִ֖י וְשֵׁ֣שׁ מָשְׁזָ֑ר וְעֶשְׂרִ֤ים אַמָּה֙ אֹ֔רֶךְ וְקוֹמָ֤ה בְרֹ֨חַב֙ חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת לְעֻמַּ֖ת קַלְעֵ֥י הֶֽחָצֵֽר:
corresponding to the hangings of the courtyard.
[I.e.,] like the dimensions of the hangings of the courtyard.
לְעֻמַּת קַלְעֵי הֶֽחָצֵר.
כְּמִדַּת קַלְעֵי הֶחָצֵר:
19And their pillars [were] four and their sockets four, of copper, their hooks silver, and the overlay of their tops and their bands were silver.
יטוְעַמֻּֽדֵיהֶם֙ אַרְבָּעָ֔ה וְאַדְנֵיהֶ֥ם אַרְבָּעָ֖ה נְח֑שֶׁת וָֽוֵיהֶ֣ם כֶּ֔סֶף וְצִפּ֧וּי רָֽאשֵׁיהֶ֛ם וַֽחֲשֻֽׁקֵיהֶ֖ם כָּֽסֶף:
20And all the pegs of the Mishkan and of the courtyard all around [were] copper.
כוְכָל־הַיְתֵדֹ֞ת לַמִּשְׁכָּ֧ן וְלֶֽחָצֵ֛ר סָבִ֖יב נְחֽשֶׁת:
טווַיָּ֛צַר אֶת־שְׁנֵ֥י הָעַמּוּדִ֖ים נְח֑שֶׁת שְׁמֹנֶ֨ה עֶשְׂרֵ֜ה אַמָּ֗ה קוֹמַת֙ הָעַמּ֣וּד הָאֶחָ֔ד וְחוּט֙ שְׁתֵּים־עֶשְׂרֵ֣ה אַמָּ֔ה יָסֹ֖ב אֶת־הָעַמּ֥וּד הַשֵּׁנִֽי:
The two pillars.
Which he placed on the porch, [and which were called by the names] Jachin and Boaz.
אֶת שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים.
שֶׁהֶעֱמִיד בָּאוּלָם יָכִין וּבֹעַז.
Eighteen cubits was the height of each pillar.
And in Chronicles II (3: 15) he says their height was thirty-five cubits? [That was because] he cast both [together] as one. [This should have totaled thirty-six cubits together,] but I say the one cubit which [was missing] was because there was one half a cubit at the top of each [pillar] which was not like the work of the rest of the pillar. [Omitting that top one half cubit of each pillar leaves a length of seventeen and one half cubits which together is thirty five cubits. The tops of the pillars were beautifully decorated,] as it is said further on in this subject (7:22), “And on the top of the pillars was lily work.”
שְׁמֹנֶה עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה קוֹמַת וְגוֹ'.
וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים הוּא אוֹמֵר: שְׁלשִׁים וְחָמֵשׁ אַמָּה קוֹמָתָן, שֶׁיָּצַק שְׁנֵיהֶם כְּאֶחָד, וְהָאַמָּה הַחֲסֵרָה, אוֹמֵר אֲנִי, חֲצִי אַמָּה הָיְתָה לְכָל אֶחָד בְּרֹאשׁוֹ, שֶׁאֵינָהּ דּוֹמָה לִמְלֶאכֶת שְׁאָר הָעַמּוּד, כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמוּר לְמַטָּה בְּעִנְיַן: וְעַל רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹשָׁן.
And a line of twelve cubits did compass it… the other pillar.
This teaches us that it was four cubits by four cubits in diameter, because every circumference of three hand breadths has a diameter of one hand breadth [that is, the diameter is approximately one third the circumference]. And its thickness was four fingers and it was hollow; thus is this explained at the end of the book of Jeremiah (52:21). And this is an abbreviated verse [because] he disclosed the length of one pillar and the length of the second must be learned from it, and he disclosed the circumference of the second, and the first must be learned from it. And Jonathan, too, [agreed that both pillars measured the same, and] translated thus, ‘and a strung line of twelve cubits did compass it, and so the other pillar.’
וְחוּט שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה אַמָּה יָסֹב אֶת הָעַמּוּד הַשֵּׁנִי.
לִמֵּד שֶׁהָיָה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עַל אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת עָגֹל, שֶׁכָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּהֶקֵּפוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים, יֵשׁ בּוֹ רֹחַב טֶפַח, וְעָבְיוֹ אַרְבַּע אֶצְבָּעוֹת, וְהוּא חָלוּל, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּסוֹף סֵפֶר יִרְמְיָהוּ. וַהֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא קָצָר, פֵּרֵשׁ אָרְכּוֹ שֶׁל אֶחָד, וְיִלְמַד הַשֵּׁנִי מִמֶּנּוּ, וּפֵרֵשׁ הֶקֵּפוֹ שֶׁל שֵׁנִי, וְיִלְמַד מִמֶּנּוּ הָרִאשׁוֹן. וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן: וְחוּט מְשַׁח תַּרְתֵּין עַסְרֵי אַמִּין מַקִּיף לֵהּ, וְכֵן לְעַמּוּדָא תִּנְיָנָא.
16And he made two chapiters, to set upon the tops of the pillars, (of) molten copper; five cubits (was) the height of the one chapiter, and five cubits (was) the height of the other chapiter.
טזוּשְׁתֵּ֨י כֹתָרֹ֜ת עָשָֹ֗ה לָתֵ֛ת עַל־רָאשֵׁ֥י הָֽעַמּוּדִ֖ים מֻצַ֣ק נְח֑שֶׁת חָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֗וֹת קוֹמַת֙ הַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְחָמֵ֣שׁ אַמּ֔וֹת קוֹמַ֖ת הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
And two chapiters.
Pomels in O.F. apple shaped knobs.
וּשְׁתֵּי כֹתָרֹת.
פומייל"ש בְּלַעַ"ז (כַּפְתּוֹרִים).
Molten.
Tresjited in O.F.
מֻצַק.
טרישגיטי"ר בְּלַעַ"ז (יָצוּק).
Five cubits was the height of the one chapiter.
And at the end of this book [of Kings] (II 25:17) he says [that each was] three cubits high? [Our Sages, too, were concerned with this apparent inconsistency,] and we learned [in the beraisa of Forty-Nine Measurements] two cubits of the lower part of the chapiters were similar to the pillar because there were no designs in them, and the three upper cubits [which] were extended beyond [the pillars] were surrounded with designs, as it is said (7:17) “nets of checker work” they were surrounded by the likes of the branches of a palm tree, and I say, [therefore,] he did not count those two lower cubits at the end of the book because they were similar to the pillar and the pillar was inserted into the chapiter two cubits [in depth].
חָמֵשׁ אַמּוֹת קוֹמַת הַכֹּתֶרֶת הָאֶחָת.
וּבְסוֹף הַסֵּפֶר הוּא אוֹמֵר: שָׁלשׁ אַמּוֹת, שָׁנִינוּ בַּמִּשְׁנָה אַרְבָּעִים וְתֵשַׁע מִדּוֹת: שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת שֶׁל כּוֹתָרוֹת הָיוּ שָׁווֹת לָעַמּוּד, שֶׁלֹּא הָיוּ בָּהֶן צוּרָה, וְשָׁלשׁ הָעֶלְיוֹנוֹת הָיוּ עוֹדְפוֹת לַחוּץ, הַמֻּקָּפוֹת צוּרָה, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: שְׂבָכִים מַעֲשֵׂה שְׂבָכָה, כְּמִין לוּלָבִין שֶׁל דֶּקֶל הָיוּ מֻקָּפוֹת. וְאוֹמֵר אֲנִי, שֶׁלֹּא מָנָה אוֹתָן שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת הַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת בְּסוֹף הַסֵּפֶר, לְפִי שֶׁהָיוּ שָׁווֹת לָעַמּוּד, וְהָעַמּוּד תָּחוּב בְּכוֹתֶרֶת שְׁתֵּי אַמּוֹת.
17Nets of checker-work, wreaths of chain-work, for the chapiters which (were) upon the top of the pillars; seven for the one chapiter, and seven for the other chapiter.
יזשְׂבָכִ֞ים מַעֲשֵֹ֣ה שְׂבָכָ֗ה גְּדִלִים֙ מַעֲשֵֹ֣ה שַׁרְשְׁר֔וֹת לַכֹּ֣תָרֹ֔ת אֲשֶׁ֖ר עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים שִׁבְעָה֙ לַכֹּתֶ֣רֶת הָאֶחָ֔ת וְשִׁבְעָ֖ה לַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
Nets of checker-work.
The nets which they had were similar to a type of head covering [or cap] which is called cofea (in O.F.).
שְׂבָכִים מַעֲשֵׂה שְׂבָכָה.
הַשְּׂבָכוֹת שֶׁהָיָה לָהֶם, דּוֹמֶה כְּמִין כִּפָּה, שֶׁקּוֹרִין קויפ"א.
Checker-work.
Heb. מעשה שבכה. They were encompassed by forms of branches of a palm tree, as in Job (18:8) “and he walks upon a snare (שבכה).” [These branches were designed like meshwork,] and the wreaths [which were braided and twisted together] as chain work.
מַעֲשֵׂה שְׂבָכָה.
מֻקָּפוֹת הָיוּ צוּרוֹת שֶׁל לוּלָבֵי דֶּקֶל, כְּמוֹ: וְעַל שְׂבָכָה יִתְהַלָּךְ, וּגְדִילִים הָיוּ לָהֶם כְּמַעֲשֵׂה שַׁרְשְׁרָאוֹת.
Seven for the one chapiter.
There were seven branches in each encircling design for each checker-work.
שִׁבְעָה לַכֹּתֶרֶת הָאֶחָת.
שִׁבְעָה לוּלָבִין הָיָה לְהֶקֵּף אֶחָד לִשְׂבָכָה אַחַת.
18And he made the pillars; and two rows round about upon the one net-work, to cover the chapiters that (were) upon the top, with pomegranates; and so he did for the other chapiter.
יחוַיַּ֖עַשׂ אֶת־הָעַמּוּדִ֑ים וּשְׁנֵי֩ טוּרִ֨ים סָבִ֜יב עַל־הַשְּׂבָכָ֣ה הָאֶחָ֗ת לְכַסּ֚וֹת אֶת־הַכֹּֽתָרֹת֙ אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָֽרִמֹּנִ֔ים וְכֵ֣ן עָשָֹ֔ה לַכֹּתֶ֖רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
And two rows.
Of pomegranates and of brass. The pomegranates were inserted into the chain work which encircled the chapiters, thus is this explained in Chronicles II (3:16) and in the Mishnah of The Forty-Nine Measurements.
וּשְׁנֵי טוּרִים.
שֶׁל רִמּוֹנִים וְשֶׁל נְחשֶׁת, הָרִמּוֹנִים תְּחוּבִים בְּשַׁרְשְׁרוֹת הַמַּקִּיפוֹת אֶת הַכּוֹתֶרֶת, כָּךְ מְפֹרָשׁ בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, וּבְמִשְׁנַת אַרְבָּעִים וְתֵשַׁע מִדּוֹת.
To cover the chapiters that were upon the top, with pomegranates.
[Literally, ‘that were upon the top of the pomegranates’ but] this verse is in a disarranged order. [It should read as follows, that] ‘the pomegranates should cover the chapiters which were on the top.’ And thus were the chapiters made according to the order of the apparent translation of the verses. Each one was in the form of two bowls. The receptacle of the lower bowl was facing upward and it is called גוּלָה, a bowl, as it is said in this subject (7:41) וְגוּלֹתהַכֹּתָרוֹת, and Jonathan rendered this ‘and the bowls of the chapiters.’ The upper bowl was inverted on the lower one, its receptacle was facing downward, and this was שְׂבָכָה, a net, as it is said in this subject (7:41), “and the two net-works to cover the two bowls of the chapiters.” It is, [therefore,] found that in the place of attachment it is wide, and it slopes going upward and [then] slopes going downward, and this [place of attachment] is called a stomach, and thus did Jonathan translate מִלְעֻמַת הַבֶּטֶן (7:20) ‘against the place of attachment.’ And the height of these two bowls was four cubits, and this is what he said (7:19) “lily work in the porch four cubits.” These [bowls] were decorated inside with the likes of flowers of lilies, in the same manner of decorations which were on the wall of the porches. [This occupied] four cubits [of the five cubits] in height, and the fifth cubit was a small chapiter on [top of] the big one. This is what was said (7:2) “And there were chapiters above [also] upon the two pillars.”
לְכַסּוֹת אֶת הַכֹּתֶרֶת אֲשֶׁר עַל רֹאשׁ הָרִמֹּנִים.
הֲרֵי זֶה מִקְרָא מְסֹרָס, לְכַסּוֹת הָרִמּוֹנִים אֶת הַכּוֹתָרוֹת אֲשֶׁר עַל הָרֹאשׁ, וְכֵן הָיוּ הַכּוֹתָרוֹת עֲשׂוּיוֹת לְפִי סֵדֶר מַשְׁמָעוּת הַמִּקְרָאוֹת: כְּמִין שְׁנֵי אַגָּנִים הָיְתָה כָּל אַחַת, אַגַּן הַתַּחְתּוֹן בֵּית קִבּוּלָהּ לְמַעְלָה, וְהוּא קָרוּי 'גֻּלָּה', כְּמוֹ שֶׁאָמוּר בָּעִנְיָן: וְגֻלֹּת הַכּוֹתָרוֹת, וְתִרְגְּמוֹ יוֹנָתָן: אַגָּנֵי קְרוֹנְתְּוָן. הָעֶלְיוֹן כָּפוּי עַל הַתַּחְתּוֹן, בֵּית קִבּוּלוֹ לְמַטָּה, וְהִיא קְרוּיָה 'שְׂבָכָה' כְּמָה שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר בְּעִנְיָן זֶה: וְהַשְּׂבָכוֹת שְׁתַּיִם לְכַסּוֹת אֶת שְׁתֵּי גֻלֹּת הַכּוֹתָרוֹת. נִמְצָא רְחָבָה בְּמָקוֹם הַדָּבֵק, וּמְשֻׁפַּעַת וְעוֹלָה, וּמְשֻׁפַּעַת וְיוֹרֶדֶת, וְהוּא קָרוּי בֶּטֶן. וְכֵן תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן מִלְּעֻמַּת הַבֶּטֶן, מִלָּקֳבֵל דִּבְקָא. וְגֹבַהּ שְׁתֵּי הָאַגָּנוֹת הָאֵלֶּה אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת, וְזֶהוּ שֶׁאָמַר: וּמַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹשָׁן בָּאוּלָם אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת. מְצֻיָּרוֹת הָיוּ בָּם כְּמִין פִּרְחֵי שׁוֹשַׁנִּים, כְּדֶרֶךְ הַצִּיּוּרִין בְּכֹתֶל הָאוּלָמוֹת, אַרְבַּע אַמּוֹת גֹּבַהּ, וְהָאַמָּה הַחֲמִישִׁית, הִיא כּוֹתֶרֶת קְטַנָּה לְמַעְלָה מִן הַגְּדוֹלָה, הוּא שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: וְכוֹתֶרֶת עַל שְׁנֵי הָעַמּוּדִים.
19And the chapiters that (were) upon the top of the pillars (were) of lily work in the porch, four cubits.
יטוְכֹֽתָרֹ֗ת אֲשֶׁר֙ עַל־רֹ֣אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֔ים מַעֲשֵֹ֖ה שׁוּשַׁ֣ן בָּֽאוּלָ֑ם אַרְבַּ֖ע אַמּֽוֹת:
20And (there were) chapiters above also upon the two pillars, over against the belly which (was) by the net-work; and the pomegranates (were) two hundred in rows round about upon each chapiter.
כוְכֹתָרֹ֗ת עַל־שְׁנֵי֙ הָֽעַמּוּדִ֔ים גַּם־מִמַּ֙עַל֙ מִלְּעֻמַּ֣ת הַבֶּ֔טֶן אֲשֶׁ֖ר לְעֵ֣בֶר הַשְּׂבָכָ֑ה (כתיב שְּׂבָכָ֑ה) וְהָרִמּוֹנִ֚ים מָאתַ֙יִם֙ טֻרִ֣ים סָבִ֔יב עַ֖ל הַכֹּתֶ֥רֶת הַשֵּׁנִֽית:
Above also… over against the belly.
which is beyond the net-work, at the end of the net-work, at its rim, that is at the middle, at the place where it is attached, that the upper net-work is attached to the bowl which is beneath it.
גַּם מִמַּעַל מִלְּעֻמַּת הַבֶּטֶן.
שֶׁהוּא לְעֵבֶר הַשְּׂבָכָה, בְּסוֹף הַשְּׂבָכָה בְּשׁוּלֶיהָ, הוּא בָּאֶמְצַע בִּמְקוֹם הַדֶּבֶק (שֶׁעַל הַשְּׂבָכָה) (צָרִיךְ לוֹמַר: שֶׁהַשְּׂבָכָה) מְדֻבֶּקֶת בַּגֻּלָּה אֲשֶׁר תַּחְתֶּיהָ.
And the pomegranates were two hundred.
Pomegranates made in two rows around, strung together on a chain and encompassing the network.
וְהָרִמּוֹנִים מָאתַיִם.
רִמּוֹנִים עֲשׂוּיִין שְׁתֵּי טוּרִים סָבִיב, מְחֹרָזִים בְּשַׁלְשֶׁלֶת, וּמַקִּיפִין אֶת הַשְּׂבָכָה.
Upon each chapiter.
This, too, is an abbreviated sentence. [It means,] ‘On the one, and likewise, on the second.’
עַל הַכֹּתֶרֶת הַשֵּׁנִית.
אַף זֶה מִקְרָא קָצָר, עַל הָאַחַת, וְכֵן עַל הַשְּׁנִיָּה.
21And he set up the pillars in the porch of the temple; and he set up the right pillar, and called the name thereof Jachin; and he set up the left pillar, and called the name thereof Boaz.
כאוַיָּ֙קֶם֙ אֶת־הָֽעַמֻּדִ֔ים לְאֻלָ֖ם הַֽהֵיכָ֑ל וַיָּ֜קֶם אֶת־הָעַמּ֣וּד הַיְמָנִ֗י וַיִּקְרָ֚א אֶת־שְׁמוֹ֙ יָכִ֔ין וַיָּ֙קֶם֙ אֶת־הָעַמּ֣וּד הַשְּׂמָאלִ֔י וַיִּקְרָ֥א אֶת־שְׁמ֖וֹ בֹּֽעַז:
22And upon the top of the pillars (was) lily-work; so was the work of the pillars finished.
כבוְעַ֛ל רֹ֥אשׁ הָעַמּוּדִ֖ים מַעֲשֵֹ֣ה שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן וַתִּתֹּ֖ם מְלֶ֥אכֶת הָעַמּוּדִֽים:
And upon the top of the pillars was lily work.
A half cubit at the top of each pillar its wall was as thin as a lily, and the rest of the pillar its thickness was four fingers and hollow. Therefore, this cubit was not counted [a half cubit of each pillar] in the description of the pouring of the brass for the pillars in Chronicles II (3:15) because it was not similar to the work of the rest of the pillars.
וְעַל רֹאשׁ הָעַמּוּדִים מַעֲשֵׂה שׁוֹשָן.
חֲצִי אַמָּה בְּרֹאשׁ כָּל אֶחָד הָיָה כָּתְלוֹ דַּק כְּשׁוֹשָׁן, וּשְׁאָר הָעַמּוּד עָבְיוֹ אַרְבַּע אֶצְבָּעוֹת נָבוּב, לְכָךְ לֹא נִמְנֵית אוֹתָהּ אַמָּה בִּיצִיקַת הָעַמּוּדִים בְּדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים, לְפִי שֶׁלֹּא הָיְתָה שָׁוָה לִמְלֶאכֶת הָעַמּוּד.
23And he made the molten sea, ten cubits from brim to brim; it (was) round all about, and the height thereof (was) five cubits; and a line of thirty cubits did compass it round about.
כגוַיַּ֥עַשׂ אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם מוּצָ֑ק עֶ֣שֶׂר בָּ֠אַמָּה מִשְּׂפָת֨וֹ עַד־שְׂפָת֜וֹ עָגֹ֣ל | סָבִ֗יב וְחָמֵ֚שׁ בָּֽאַמָּה֙ קוֹמָת֔וֹ וְקָו֙ (כתיב וְקָוה֙) שְׁלֹשִׁ֣ים בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה יָסֹ֥ב אֹת֖וֹ סָבִֽיב:
Ten cubits from brim to brim.
Through the middle, since the diameter of every round object is through the middle.
עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה מִשְּׂפָתוֹ עַד שְׂפָתוֹ.
בְּאֶמְצָעִיתוֹ, שֶׁכָּל רֹחַב כְּלִי עָגֹל, בְּאֶמְצָעִיתוֹ הוּא.
And a line of thirty.
This is what was said: All that have three handbreadths in its circumference have one handbreadth in its diameter. [Here, too,] its circumference was thirty and its diameter ten, and from its midst he pressures [this].
וְקָו שְׁלשִׁים בָּאַמָּה.
זֶהוּ שֶׁאָמְרוּ: כָּל שֶׁיֵּשׁ בְּהֶקֵּפוֹ שְׁלשָׁה טְפָחִים יֵשׁ בּוֹ רֹחַב טֶפַח, הֶקֵּפוֹ שְׁלשִׁים, וְרָחְבּוֹ עֶשֶׂר, וּמִתּוֹכוֹ הוּא מוֹדֵד.
The height thereof.
[Meaning] its depth. And in Chronicles II (4:6) he says that he made it for the priests to bathe in [when they are unclean and] to immerse [themselves] in it [for ritual purification].
קוֹמָתוֹ.
עָמְקוֹ, וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים הוּא אוֹמֵר, שֶׁעֲשָׂאוֹ לִרְחִיצַת הַכֹּהֲנִים לִטְבֹּל בְּתוֹכוֹ.
24And under the brim (there were) knops compassing it round about, for ten cubits, compassing the sea round about; the knops (were) cast in two rows, when it was cast.
כדוּפְקָעִים֩ מִתַּ֨חַת לִשְׂפָת֚וֹ | סָבִיב֙ סֹבְבִ֣ים אֹת֔וֹ עֶשֶׂר בָּֽאַמָּ֔ה מַקִּפִ֥ים אֶת־הַיָּ֖ם סָבִ֑יב שְׁנֵ֚י טוּרִים֙ הַפְּקָעִ֔ים יְצֻקִ֖ים בִּיצֻקָתֽוֹ:
And… there were knops.
Jonathan rendered וּפְקָעִים: and the form of eggs.
וּפְקָעִים.
וְצוּרַת בֵּיעִין, תִּרְגֵּם יוֹנָתָן.
Under the brim.
The knops were located in the lower three cubits which were square, for so did we learn in the tractate Eruvin (14b) “The three lower ones were square and the two upper ones were round,” and it will be impossible for you to contain two thousand measures (of בת) (7:26) which equal one hundred and fifty ritual baths of purity containing forty measures (of סאה) [in each], except in this manner explained by our Sages in Eruvin. It is impossible to say the upper ones were square and the lower ones round, for it is written “its brim was round all about” (7:23) [indicating it was the top which was round]. He, therefore, says by these knops “for ten cubits compassing the sea round about” because in the place that it was square, a perimeter of forty cubits has ten cubits on each side, but in the place that it is round it is impossible to say it has ten cubits on each side around.
מִתַּחַת לִשְׂפָתוֹ.
בְּשָׁלשׁ אַמּוֹת תַּחְתּוֹנוֹת שֶׁהָיוּ מְרֻבָּעוֹת, שֶׁכָּךְ שָׁנִינוּ בַּגְּמָרָא דְּעֵרוּבִין: שָׁלשׁ תַּחְתּוֹנוֹת מְרֻבָּעוֹת, וּשְׁתַּיִם עֶלְיוֹנוֹת עֲגֻלּוֹת, וְאִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹ לְהָכִיל אַלְפַּיִם בַּת שֶׁהֵם מֵאָה וַחֲמִשִּׁים מִקְוֵה טָהֳרָה אַרְבָּעִים, אֶלָּא בְּעִנְיָן זֶה כְּמוֹ שֶׁפֵּרְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בְּעֵרוּבִין, עֶלְיוֹנוֹת מְרֻבָּעוֹת וְהַתַּחְתּוֹנוֹת עֲגֻלּוֹת, אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר, דְּכִי כְּתִיב שְׂפָתוֹ עָגֹל סָבִיב, לְכָךְ הוּא אוֹמֵר בַּפְּקָעִים הַלָּלוּ עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה מַקִּיפִין אֶת הַיָּם סָבִיב, שֶׁבִּמְקוֹם רִבּוּעוֹ (הֶקֵּפוֹ) אַרְבָּעִים אַמָּה, עֶשֶׂר אַמָּה לְכָל רוּחַ, אֲבָל בִּמְקוֹם עִגּוּלוֹ אִי אֶפְשָׁר לוֹמַר עֶשֶׂר בָּאַמָּה סָבִיב.
The knops were cast in two rows, when it was cast.
Everything, [the sea and the knops,] was poured together. [It was] not [made in a manner] that he attached the knops to it after they had been poured, through nails or through soldering which is called soldedure; soudure in O.F.
שְׁנֵי טוּרִים הַפְּקָעִים יְצֻקִים בִּיצֻקָתוֹ.
הַכֹּל מוּצָק יַחַד, לֹא שֶׁחִבֵּר לוֹ אֶת הַפְּקָעִים אַחַר יְצִיקָתָן עַל יְדֵי מַסְמֵרוֹת אוֹ עַל יְדֵי דֶּבֶק, שֶׁקּוֹרִין שולדר"א בְּלַעַ"ז (הַלְחָמָה, רִתּוּךְ).
25It stood on twelve oxen, three looking toward the north, and three looking toward the west, and three looking toward the south, and three looking toward the east; and the sea (was set) upon them above, and all their hinder parts (were) inward.
כהעֹמֵ֞ד עַל־שְׁנֵ֧י עָשָֹ֣ר בָּקָ֗ר שְׁלשָׁ֣ה פֹנִ֣ים | צָפ֡וֹנָה וּשְׁלשָׁה֩ פֹנִ֨ים | יָ֜מָּה וּשְׁלשָׁ֣ה | פֹּנִ֣ים נֶ֗גְבָּה וּשְׁלשָׁה֙ פֹּנִ֣ים מִזְרָ֔חָה וְהַיָּ֥ם עֲלֵיהֶ֖ם מִלְמָ֑עְלָה וְכָל־אֲחֹֽרֵיהֶ֖ם בָּֽיְתָה:
And all their hinder parts.
Of these oxen.
וְכָל אֲחֹרֵיהֶם.
שֶׁל בְּקָרִים הַלָּלוּ.
Were inward.
Their hinder parts were facing towards the bottom of the sea, the three which were in the north towards those in the south, and those in the east towards those in the west.
בָּיְתָה.
אֶל תַּחַת הַיָּם הָיוּ אֲחוֹרֵיהֶם פּוֹנִים, [שְׁלשָׁה] (שְׁנַיִם) שֶׁבַּצָּפוֹן לִקְרַאת שֶׁבַּדָּרוֹם, וְשֶׁל מִזְרָח כְּנֶגֶד שֶׁל מַעֲרָב.
26And it (was) a hand-breadth thick, and the brim thereof (was) wrought like the brim of a cup, with flowers of lilies; it contained two thousand measures.
כווְעָבְי֣וֹ טֶ֔פַח וּשְׂפָת֛וֹ כְּמַעֲשֵֹ֥ה שְׂפַת־כּ֖וֹס פֶּ֣רַח שׁוֹשָׁ֑ן אַלְפַּ֥יִם בַּ֖ת יָכִֽיל:
And it was a hand-breadth thick.
[At] its bottom and its walls, except that at its edge it was thin and beaten out and hammered, wrought like the brim of a cup which we drink from, and decorated with flowers and lilies.
וְעָבְיוֹ טֶפַח.
שׁוּלָיו וּדְפָנוֹתָיו, אֶלָּא שֶׁאֵצֶל פִּיו הָיָה דַּק וּמְרֻקָּע וּמְרֻדָּד, כְּמַעֲשֵׂה שְׂפַת כּוֹס שֶׁשּׁוֹתִין בּוֹ, וּמְצֻיָּר פֶּרַח וְשׁוֹשָׁן.
Two thousand measures.
Six thousand measures of סְאָה are found to be one hundred fifty ritual baths of purity. Four thousand measures equal one hundred ritual baths, and the two thousand equal fifty ritual baths. And even were you to divide everything according to the measurements by which the Sages measured, a cubit squared by three cubits high for each ritual bath, you will find it to be the same. [The lower part of] the [sea was] three cubits [high by ten cubits] square, [which] equal [one hundred square cubits equaling] one hundred ritual baths. [The upper part of] the [sea was] two cubits [high and] round [with a diameter of ten cubits and contained sufficient water for] fifty ritual baths since the square is greater than the circle by one quarter. And in Chron. II (4:5) it is written “it contained three thousand measures?” Our Rabbis explained it refers to a dry measure, since the overflow was one third of the capacity of the receptacle.
אַלְפַּיִם בַּת.
שֵׁשֶׁת אֲלָפִים סְאִים, שֶׁהַבַּת שָׁלשׁ סְאִין, שֶׁנֶּאֱמַר: הָאֵיפָה וְהַבַּת תֹכֶן אֶחָד לָהֶם. נִמְצְאוּ חֲמִשִּׁים וּמֵאָה מִקְוֵה טָהֳרָה, הָאַרְבָּעִים מֵאוֹת, מֵאָה מִקְוָאוֹת, וְהָעֶשְׂרִים מֵאוֹת, חֲמִשִּׁים מִקְוָאוֹת. וְאַף כְּשֶׁתְּחַלֵּק הַכֹּל לְפִי מִדָּה שֶׁשִּׁעֲרוּ חֲכָמִים אַמָּה עַל אַמָּה בְּרוּם שָׁלשׁ אַמּוֹת לַמִּקְוֶה, תִּמְצֶאנָה כֵּן, שָׁלשׁ אַמּוֹת מְרֻבָּעוֹת, מֵאָה מִקְוָאוֹת, וּשְׁתַּיִם הָעֲגֻלּוֹת, חֲמִשִּׁים מִקְוָאוֹת, שֶׁהַמְּרֻבָּע יָתֵר עַל הָעִגּוּל רְבִיעִית. וּבְדִבְרֵי הַיָּמִים כְּתִיב: בַּתִּים שְׁלשֶׁת אֲלָפִים יָכִיל, וּפִירְשׁוּ רַבּוֹתֵינוּ בְּמִדַּת הַיָּבֵשׁ, שֶׁהַגֹּדֶשׁ הָיָה שְׁלִישׁ בְּבֵית הַקִּבּוּל.