Mitzvot

Tefillin

Tefillin is an incredibly powerful mitzvah. The experience of putting on tefillin has changed many people’s lives.

What are Tefillin?

Tefillin are black leather boxes containing Hebrew parchment scrolls, worn by Jewish men and boys on a daily basis. A set includes two — one for the head and one for the arm. Each consists of three main components: the scrolls, the box and the strap.

The Torah commands Jewish men to bind Tefillin onto their head and upper arm every weekday, in fulfillment of the verse (Deut. 6:8), “You shall bind them as a sign upon your hand, and they shall be for a reminder between your eyes.”

What’s in the boxes

The Torah mentions the Mitzvah of Tefillin four separate times. Each of these texts is inscribed on parchment and placed into the Tefillin. These passages discuss the unity of G‑d. They describe the miracles G‑d performed for us when He took us out of Egypt, and how G‑d alone has the power and dominion to do whatever He wants in the physical and spiritual worlds. In other words, these verses cover the fundamentals of our faith.

The texts are:

• Kadesh (Exodus 13:1–10) and Vehayah ki yeviacha (Exodus 13:11–16): the duty of the Jewish people to always remember the redemption from Egyptian bondage, and the obligation of every Jew to educate his children about this and about G‑d’s commandments.
• Shema (Deut. 6:4–9): pronounces the unity of the one G‑d, and commands us to love and fear Him.
• Vehayah (Deut. 11:13–21): focuses on G‑d’s assurance to us of reward that will follow our observance of the Torah’s Mitzvot.

Who puts on Tefillin?

All Jewish males over the age of bar Mitzvah — thirteen years old — should perform the Mitzvah of tefillin.

When are Tefillin worn?

You can fulfill the Mitzvah by putting on Tefillin anytime during the day, from sunrise to nightfall. A blessing is recited, and it is customary to read the Shema prayer. Traditionally, Tefillin are worn during weekday morning prayers.

Tefillin are not worn on Shabbat and major Jewish holidays, including Chol Hamoed, according to many.

There is a blessing, and there is an order to the wrapping. Both are worth learning from a person rather than a page — it takes about five minutes, once, and then it is yours. Chabad’s practice on the blessings is not quite what you may have seen elsewhere, which is another reason to learn it here rather than from a diagram.

What’s the point?

Mitzvahs are commandments, but the word Mitzvah also comes from the root tzavta, which means “connection.” A mitzvah creates a bond between G‑d who commands and man who performs. In a sense, that makes Tefillin the ultimate Mitzvah. We’re commanded to literally bind ourselves to the one and only G‑d.

More specifically, one of the boxes is placed on the arm so as to rest against the heart, the seat of the emotions, and the leather strap is wound around the left arm and hand. The other box is placed on the head, above the forehead. This teaches us to dedicate ourselves to the service of G‑d in all that we think, feel and do.

When you put on Tefillin, you’ll be connecting to the Infinite, fulfilling G‑d’s will and reminding yourself to be a better person. But you’ll also be doing something that your great-great-grandfather did in exactly the same way. And when you do it, you’re increasing the chances that your great-great-grandchildren will want to do it too. Those straps don’t connect you just to G‑d; they connect you to your past, to your future, to your people.

So go ahead, give it a try.